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1473
Nicolaus Copernicus publishes On The Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicusof the Polish Renaissance. -
Ptolemy proposed the Geocentric Model/Theory
Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbited Earth. The geocentric model served as the predominant description of the cosmos in many ancient civilizations, such as those of Aristotle and PtolemyNewton showed that elliptical orbits could be derived from his laws of gravitation.