-
Richard III was King of England from 1483 until his death in 1485 in the Battle of Bosworth Field. His defeat at Bosworth Field, the last decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses, marks the end of the Middle Ages in England. He is the subject of the play Richard III by William Shakespeare.
-
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer, citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages, and his efforts to establish permanent settlements on the island of Hispaniola, initiated the Spanish colonization of the New World.
-
The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world".
-
Utopia is a work of fiction and political philosophy by Thomas More published in Latin. The book is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social and political customs.
-
Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. His disagreements with the Pope led to his separation of the Church of England from papal authority, with himself, as King, as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.
-
Elizabeth, daughter of Henry VIII, was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. She is considered by many to be the greatest monarch in English history.
-
William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
-
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642.
-
In the opinion of many critics, King Lear and its immediate successor Macbeth are Shakespeare’s most profound tragedies. Both contain studies of murderous ambition and self-consuming evil; both seem to raise the question whether human disorder is mirrored in the natural world; both are concerned with the nature of kingship and authority.
-
The colony gave England its first foothold in the European competition for the New World. It is located near present-day Williamsburg, VA.
-
Shakespeare's sonnets are a collection of 154 sonnets written by William Shakespeare, dealing with themes such as the passage of time, love, beauty and mortality.
-
The King James Bible (KJB), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.
-
The Mayflower sailed from Plymouth, England, bound for the New World with 102 passengers. The ship was headed for Virginia, where the colonists had been authorized to settle by the British crown. However, stormy weather and navigational errors forced the Mayflower off course, and the Pilgrims reached Massachusetts, where they founded the first permanent European settlement in New England.
-
In the beginning of the 17th century, the right to print was strictly controlled in England. When the English started printing their own papers in London, they reverted to the pamphlet format used by contemporary books. The publication of these newsbooks lasted until the publication of the Oxford Gazette in 1665.
-
Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton. The first version, published in 1667, consisted of ten books with over ten thousand lines of verse. It is considered by critics to be Milton's major work, and helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest English poets of his time.
-
The Commonwealth of England was the period from 1649 onwards when England was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The Commonwealth ended when Charles II became king.
