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Roman writer and statesman; important as a music theorist with his De institutione musica ("The Fundamentals of Music", early 500's)
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Music theorist; he is credited with creating a system of precise pitch notation through lines and spaces on a staff; he advocated a method of sight singing using the syllables; his treatise, Micrologus, is the earliest and best treatise on musical composition of chant and polyphony
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Priest, poet, and composer
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Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitiers, father of Eleanor; earliest of the troubadours whose works survive; respected nobleman, but remembered for his womanizing
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Composer of the first morality play; known as the Sybil of the Rhine; writer, composer, theologian; her counsel was sought after by rulers
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King of England from 1189-99; son of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II; a trouvere; he never learned English
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Famous troubadour; perhaps the finest of the troubadour poets; very important musically to us because more of his music survives than any other 12th-century poet
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Troubadour; Dante ranks him second only to Arnaut Daniel; his contemporaries called him the master of the troubadours
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One of the most important early trouveres; his works show up in multiple manuscripts
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Dante esteemed him above all other troubadours; master of the "difficult" style; he took the poetic style to new heights
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Master of organum purum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris; our information comes largely from Anonymous IV's writings
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Troubadour; eccentric character; wide ranging melodies
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Troubadour; fluent in many languages
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Famous female troubadour; she has left us the only surviving melody by a female troubadour
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One of the earliest trouveres and most famous poets; melodies show influence of Gregorian Chant
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Poet and Minnesinger; worked at the Viennese court; he wrote the earliest surviving minnesinger melody; his contemporaries considered him the leading composer and poet among Minnesinger
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Troubadour; his works were admired by many writers
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Austrian Minnesinger; one of the earliest German poets; folk like style; his works were the only Minnesinger songs printed in the renaissance; sang in Vienne
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Master of the discant organum at the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris; supposed student of Leonin; wrote 3 and 4-voice organum; his identity is regarded as speculative
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Trouvere; wrote in several genres and forms; monk at Arras
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Trouvere and priest at Arras
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Music theorist; his treatise of the same name, gives us information about Leonin, Perotin and organum; we think he was a student of England
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Trouvere; Count of Champagne, King of Navarre (1234-53); he headed crusades to Jerusalem; prolific composer and poet
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One of the most celebrated troubadours of his time; he was fond of satirical criticism of contemporary nobility and clergy
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Spanish monarch; King of castile and Leon; bother-in-law of Edward I of England; patron of literature and art; initiated the study of music at Salamanca University; helped compile Cantigas de Santa Maria
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One of the last trouveres; wrote polyphony; studies in Paris
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The last of the troubadours; lived in Spain under Alfonso X
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Known as the "inventor of a new art," French composer, poet, theorist, and bishop; established a new tradition of menstrual notation
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Known as the inventor of a new art, french cmposer, poet, theorist, and bishop; established a new tradition of mensural notation
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Italian composer; ranks second in importance to l
Landini; priest -
The leading composer and poet of the Ars Nova; his importance and innovations are extraordinary
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Italian composer; virtuoso harpist; theorist; teacher of Landini; wrote a treatise on notation
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Known for his cadneces; virtuoso organist; blind from early age; most celebrated musical personality of the Trecento; also an instrument maker
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French composer; he wrote in the older style and in the new modern ars subtilor; his rondeau, Belle bonne sage, was published in musical notation in the shape of a heart
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English; influenced music in Europe
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Early renaissance composer, often paired with Dufay in importance; served at the Court of the Duke of Burgundy; Franco-Flemish
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Franco-Flemish; the first important Renaissance composer; used older medieval cadences
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Bass singer; served 3 kings; very respected; did not use much imitation; born in Northeastern France; important teacher
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Made important contributions to large-scale forms and their unity; Dutch; important composer of masses in Europe
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composer and music theorist; wrote about contemporary music
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Franco-Flemish composer who influenced German music; court composer to Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in Vienna; served in Florence as well
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Leading composer at the Burgundian court; never worked in Italy; very famous in his day; frequent use of canon and ostinato; preferred low sonorities
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Few people knew of his compositions
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Considered by Martin Luther to be the "best of the composers of our time" and "the master of the notes;" he was said to have had no peer in music; French
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English composer who wrote a 40-voice part motet
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The most famous composer from the Rennasiance
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