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Matter cannot be created or destroyed
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This says if you break down a compound to its elements, those elements will always exist in a set ratio
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elements react with one another in ratios of small integers. From this Dalton was able to conclude a first list of relative atomic weights according to the mass ratios in which they combined.
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This law states that any two ideal gases at STP and same volume contain the same number of molecules. This allowed him to ultimately estimate more accurately atomic masses of various elements
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Discovered the electron through use in a cathode ray tube. When cathode rays were both affected by magentism and electricity, he concluded there were negantively charged particles
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Nucleus was proved to exist by shooting alpha particles at gold foil. Most of the particles went straight through the foil, but a small percentage of them bounced off the nucleus
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Quantum theory is emerging, and Niels Bohr used ideas of energy as quanta to determine electron orbitals and energies
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experiment with alpha particles through nitrogen emitted hydrogen nuclei
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Schrodinger brought forth the idea that subatomic particles can exhibit a degree of wavelike function. This filled in several gaps of Bohr's model, but also opened up many new questions and critiques. Ultimately scientists took ideas from both models and also came up with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which states that an electron's position and momentum cannot be simultaneously observed