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Antoine Lavoisier- First Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created or destroyed -
Joseph Louis Proust- Law of Definite Proportions
This says if you break down a compound to its elements, those elements will always exist in a set ratio -
John Dalton- Law of Multiple Propportions
elements react with one another in ratios of small integers. From this Dalton was able to conclude a first list of relative atomic weights according to the mass ratios in which they combined. -
Amedeo Avogadro- Avogadro's Law
This law states that any two ideal gases at STP and same volume contain the same number of molecules. This allowed him to ultimately estimate more accurately atomic masses of various elements -
J.J. Thompson- Discovery of Electrons
Discovered the electron through use in a cathode ray tube. When cathode rays were both affected by magentism and electricity, he concluded there were negantively charged particles -
Ernest Rutherford- Discovery of the Nucleus
Nucleus was proved to exist by shooting alpha particles at gold foil. Most of the particles went straight through the foil, but a small percentage of them bounced off the nucleus -
Niels Bohr- Bohr Model of the Atom
Quantum theory is emerging, and Niels Bohr used ideas of energy as quanta to determine electron orbitals and energies -
Rutherford- Discovery of Protons and Neutrons
experiment with alpha particles through nitrogen emitted hydrogen nuclei -
Erwin Schrodinger-Schrodingers equation, Heisendberg Uncertainty Principle
Schrodinger brought forth the idea that subatomic particles can exhibit a degree of wavelike function. This filled in several gaps of Bohr's model, but also opened up many new questions and critiques. Ultimately scientists took ideas from both models and also came up with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle which states that an electron's position and momentum cannot be simultaneously observed