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Spefically meaning white, straight males. Women and people of color were not considered eqaul to men.
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Thomas Jefferson proposed three free years of school/education to non-slave children.
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This act restricted te granting of citizenship to "free white persons', leaving out people of color and women,
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Working, white men suggested we'd mix poor and rich children in schools to create equal opportunity.
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It opened in Lexington, Massachuttes.
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National Education Association was founded by 43 different educators.
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Female teachers rushed to the South to create social equality and polictal rights for freed/former slaves.
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This admendment protects the basic rights of the Bill of Rights and the rights passed by state and local governments. The states can no longer take away any rights granted to a citizen of the USA.
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The first public kindergarden is created to fight urban poverty.
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Frances Bellamy composes and then introduces the Pledge of Allegiance to educators at a NEA meeting.
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This case allowed segregation in schools in public schools. "Seperate but equal". Homer Plessy was only 1/8ths black but was still treated like any full black American citizen. This case highlights the princible that race is a social and legal reconstuction.
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John Dewey explains at a NEA meeting that schools should be used a social centers
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Haley delivered a speech that sparked the rise of teacher unionism and the founding of AFT, eventually.
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This case involved a Japenese immigrant who graduated from Berkley in California. His family was very Americanized, they spoke English and attended a Christian church. The main issue was whether "white persons" had to do with skin color. The Ozawa family was fair skinned because most Japanese have light skin.
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In this case a Indian immigrant applied for citizenship under Caucasian. Scientifically, Thind was Caucasian because of a common ancestor. The court rejcted this and the word "Caucasian" as an explanation for white people.
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Native Americans were granted citizenship even though many of their ancestors were European. Also, Native Americans were here before anyone else and didn't have citizenship until 1924.
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National Education Association recommends teaching Sex Education in schools to protect familly and marriage values.
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Teenager was used to explain children ages 13 to 19. High school had created youth culture and the word "teenager".
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Children can no longer be expelled for refusing to participate because of the First Amendment (freedom of religion).
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The "Life Adjustment Program" includes education for moral living, skills in fundamentals, education for living/livehood, emphasis on the dignity of work and appropropriate learning experinces.
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In Buffalo, New York teachers demand higher salaries.
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Programs like "Head Start", the TV show Seasme Street and other school programs are made to fight off poverty.
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This proposal was by Milton Friedman was very similar to the choice provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001
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The federal government became more involved in public schooling, they started funneling programs through the state government to local school districts.
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He says, "Economists have long known that people are an important part of the wealth of the nations". He argues that nations should invest in schools as a stimulus for economic growth. Children are the future.
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This case denied public schools' right to force kids to pray due to the first admendment.
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Bible reading in school is no longer aloud.
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In "Human Captial", Becker explains that economic growth depends on knowledge, informations, ideas, skills and health of workspace. He explains that investments in education could improve human captial, which would then improve economic growth.
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This act established federal control of money for American public schools to shape the local school policies. This act also turned the federal Office of Education into a policing agency. Their new job was to decide whether schools were segregated and if they were, deciding on the conditions of the minorities in these "seperate but equal" situations.
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This act fixed the bias attitude that favors European immigrants over the world's regions.
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The most important US Supreme court decision dealing with the rights of teachers.
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The students demanded bilingual programs, courses for Mexican history and culture, and for Mexican American food to be served in cafeterias. They also demanded the schools to hire more Spanish speaking teachers and to fire anti-Mexican American teachers.
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It was a landmark case involving free speech rights for students.
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This case established a three part test for determining the constitutionality of government programs that benefit religion. This case provided salary supplements to teachers in private religious schools.
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The federal government makes an effort to make education relevant to the workplace.
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Bell coined "post-industrial" and predicted a shift from blue-collar to white-collar labor requiring a major increase in educated works.
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Education for all hanicapped children act. It guaranteed equal education opportunites for all children with disabilities.
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The NEA supported president Jimmy Carter before he was elected.
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Labors started expecting greater testing and certifications. It became more difficult to become a teacher. You had to have the appropriate credentials.
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The human captial and knowledge economy arguement became a national issue. The federeal government blamed the poor academic quality of American public schools for causing lower rates of economic productivity than Japan and West Germany.
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This case had to do with a Minnesota law that allowed tax payers to take deductions from incomes to pay for things like tuition, textbooks and transportation for students at elementary and high schools.
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The organization was founded by S.I. Hayakawa, a former republican senator. Their main goal was to make English the official language of the United States.
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D.A.R.E or Drug Abuse Resistence Education teaches students to live a drug free and healthy lifestyle. It encourages students to make good decisions.
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The sex respect program movtivates teenagers to practice chasity or no sex before marriage.
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School authorites can now punish students for saying something lewd, indecent or harmful.
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, The Sadkers discovers that men are in the history text books two to three times more than women are.
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A group of teenage skinheads attack and beat an innocent Ethiopian man to death in Oregon. The incident influenced the Teaching Tolerance Project to begin.
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A New York judge recognizes the content bias and economic value in standard testing. The judge ruled that the scholarships from standardized tests, like the SAT, discriminated against female students
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President George H. Bush announces "Goals 2000" to link schools to global economy. "Goals 2000" included providing federal grants, required report cards and included a plan for federal support of private school vouchers.
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A study finds the use of ability grouping in math classes in the USA was two-thirds higher in other classes.
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Susan Estrich, professor of law and political science, states that 60% of National Merit Scholarship finalists were male even though women in school get better grades than men.
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The Sadkers, after looking through a 631 page history textbook, only 7 pages related to women. Two of those pages were about a 5th grade girl visiting the Soviet Union.
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Bill Clinton stated in one of his speeches, "A competitive American economy requires the global market's best educated, best trained, most flexible work force."
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Shannon Faulkner was fighting for access into an all-male military college, The Citadel. One of the alumni there said the word “woman” was used a derogatory term.
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Total elementary and secondary public school revenues increased from $350 billion to $611 billion, a 74% increase
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The AAUW releases a report that states more and more women were enrolling in intense math classes than boys were. However, boys dominated technology and computer science which caused girls to stray away due to confidence
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Two students at Columbine High School in Denver, Colorado kill 13 students and then kill themselves. This massacre is still the most famous school massacre of all time.
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It’s located in San Diego and opened to solve the labor shortage. It started off with 200 9th and 10th grade students selected from 1,000 applications.
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"No Child Left Behind" act enforces teachers to create curriculum standerds to guide instructions in local public schools.
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Decided on a landmark decision having to do with school vouchers and religious schools. The primary issue in this case was the use of government-funded vouchers to attend religious schools. People believed that this was a violation of the First Amendment.
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The section "Partnerships in Character Education" states that schools must teach character education in classrooms as a lesson.
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Education Week featured a model charter school organization in Minnesota called the EdVisions Cooperative.
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Women with a degree earn $2.9 million in their lifetime and without a degree earn $0.7 million but men without a degree earn $1.1 million in their lifetimes.
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Denver teachers voted 59% to 41% for a merit pay system using the standardized test scores that show student achievement.
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Highly qualified teachers can now take another three years to become highly qualified in another subject.
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This organization was formed by six for-profit school companies to lobby more money for charter schools and character friendly regulations
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A report claims that the global labor market contributes to the growing inequality of incomes in the US
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The SAT suffered due to the fact that their scoring company, Pearson Educational Measurement, allowed scoring sheets to be damaged by moisture.
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Killinger, CEO of Washington Mutual, explains that we are facing global economy with workr that aren't prepared for the high paying jobs that are fueling the economic growth around the world. She claimed that we have to use the summit to prepare the children/students for these jobs.
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Houston Board of Education approved a $14.5 million program that rewards teachers for the scores on their classes’ standardized test
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Tom Horne, Arizona’s superintendent threatened to sue the federal government over the requirement to include scores of the ELLs in determining AYP.
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Both sociologists predict and prove in "Diplomas Count: An Essential Guide to Graduation Policy and Rates", that a student that repeats any grade between K-8th drop out more than any other student.
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The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) reported that 15% of students in public schools were attending public schools of choice.
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The headline stated that the real estate market was connected to testing scores. The headline said “Scores Linked to Home Prices”.
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Testing is a for profit industry, two of the biggest test makers. The Newsweek magazine said “The SAT vs. the ACT” and explained the big business access of college and standardized testing.
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The number of home-schooling students was about 1.5 million, an increase from 850,000 in 1999 and 1.1 million in 2003.
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43 students between the ages of 5-18 died school associated violent deaths. 21 of the 43 were homicides and 5 of the 43 were suicides.
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Rich people, since 1990, have only gotten richer while poor people have gotten poorer. Money is ranked 20% groups or quintiles. There is a special catergory for those in the top 5% of house hold income.
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Governer of Montana, Brian Schweitzer, while speaking on early childhood investment, explains that we are competiting with eachother and other countries.
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The partnership for the 21st century skills issued this report to prepares people in our education system to succeed in the global skills race because it's the next competitve issue.
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Both Republican and Democrat parties, on national platforms, stress the line between schooling and economic growth in the global economy.
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The book, "Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age", reports a survey of racial concepts in New York City's schools. Racial identity varied with newer immigrant groups.
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The increasing control of the federal government over local schools is the economic stimulus package that was signed by Barack Obama.
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6,209 students confess in a survey by "The New York City" that 91% of them experinced verbal harrassment because of their sexual orientation. 39% said they were assulted because of their sexual orientation.
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Phoebe Prince, 15, hangs herself because of months long bullying and harrasment online because of her relationship with a football player. School officals knew of the online bullying but ignored it. This event led to school officals nationaly paying better attention to their students online lives.
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They discovered that people from Central America, South America and non-Spanish speakers have no way of identifying themselves.
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Public schools conclude that the variety of charter schools makes it difficult to make a conclusive statement about their success.
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The National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) released a set of state-led education standards.
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The common core standerds are adopted by the National Governers Association and published.
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NCES discovers that in high proverty schools and dropping out. A lot of students were dropping out in high poverty areas.
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Confusion based societies guide their communities with an ethical system for the first time in history. This system was created by Confucius, the Chinese scholar.
