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Kent State University (KSU)
The university was established in 1910 as a teacher-training school. The first classes were held in 1912 at various locations and in temporary buildings in Kent and the first buildings of the original campus opened the following year. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the university was known internationally for its student activism in opposition to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, due mainly to the Kent State shootings in 1970. -
potsdam conference
Conference at the end of the war in Europe between the US, Russia, and the UK. discussion of post-war Germany. Stalin promises free elections in E. Europe. -
Atomic bomb - Hiroshima/Nagasaki
The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively. The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. These targets were large urban areas that held militarily significant facilities. Afterward, people continued to die by burns, radiation sickness, and injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition. Although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison. -
Long Telegram
This explained Soviet motivations by pointing to the history of Russian rulers and their ideology of Marxism–Leninism, viewing the rest of the world as hostile in order to justify their continued hold on power despite lacking popular support. Washington bureaucrats quickly read the confidential message, accepting it as the best explanation of Soviet behavior. The reception elevated Kennan's reputation within the State Department as one of the government's foremost Soviet experts -
Iron Curtain Speech
Winston Churchill's "Sinews of Peace" address of 5 March 1946, the term "iron curtain" in the context of Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. Much of the Western public still regarded the Soviet Union as a close ally in the context of the recent defeat of Nazi Germany and of Imperial Japan. Although not well received at the time, the phrase iron curtain as a reference to the division of Europe as the Cold War strengthened. The Iron Curtain served to keep people in, and information out. -
Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine's goal was to contain Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War. Congress President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947, and developed on July 4, 1948, to contain the communist uprisings in Greece and Turkey. Direct American military force was not involved, Congress appropriated financial aid to the economies and militaries of Greece and Turkey. Generally, Truman Doctrine implied American support other nations thought to be threatened by Soviet communism. -
Marshall Plan
After World War II, in 1947, industrialist Lewis H. Brown wrote A Report on Germany, which was a detailed recommendation for the reconstruction of post-war Germany, served as a basis for the Marshall Plan. It was named after United States Secretary of State George C. Marshall. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to aid in the economic recovery of nations after World War II and secure US geopolitical influence. -
Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. The Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to carry supplies to the people of West Berlin, a difficult feat given the size of the city's population. -
Berlin Airlift
American and British air forces flew over Berlin more than 250,000 times, dropping necessities such as fuel and food, with the original plan being to lift 3,475 tons of supplies daily. By the spring of 1949, that number was often met twofold, with the peak daily delivery totaling 12,941 tons. Carrying all this in would not be easy. -
Alger Hiss case
Alger Hiss was an American government official accused of having spied for the Soviet Union. On August 3, 1948, a former U.S. Communist Party, testified under subpoena before the House Un-American Activities Committee that Hiss had secretly been a communist. Hiss categorically denied the charge. A grand jury indicted Hiss on two counts of perjury. in January 1950, he was found guilty and received two concurrent five-year sentences. -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 28 European countries and 2 North American countries. The organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. NATO constitutes a system of collective security, whereby its independent member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. -
First Soviet bomb test
First Soviet Test. The Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb, known in the West as Joe-1, on Aug. 29, 1949, at Semipalatinsk Test Site, in Kazakhstan. the Soviet scientific community discussed the possibility of an atomic bomb throughout the 1930s, going as far as making a concrete proposal to develop such a weapon in 1940, the full-scale program was not initiated until World War II. Russian physicist Georgy Flyorov Allied powers had been developing a "superweapon" since 1939. -
Chinese Communist Revolution
The Chinese Communist Revolution, known in mainland China as the War of Liberation, was the conflict, led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman Mao Zedong, that resulted in the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, on 1 October 1949. The revolution began in 1946 after the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) and was the second part of the Chinese Civil War (1945–49). -
Hollywood 10
The Hollywood Ten is a 1950 American 16mm short documentary film. In the film, each member of the Hollywood Ten made a short speech denouncing McCarthyism and the Hollywood blacklisting.
The film was directed by John Berry. After being named a communist by fellow director and former party member Edward Dmytryk, one of the Hollywood Ten, and ex-Communist Party member Frank Tuttle, Berry was unable to find work again in Hollywood after 1951 and left for France. -
Korean War
The Korean War was a war fought between North Korea and South Korea from 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United Nations, principally the United States. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.
In 1910, imperial Japan annexed Korea, its surrender at the end of World War II on 15 August 1945. -
Rosenberg trial
Julius Rosenberg and Ethel were American citizens who were convicted of spying for the Soviet Union. The couple was convicted of providing top-secret information about radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines, and valuable nuclear weapon designs. they were executed by the federal government in 1953 in the Sing Sing correctional facility in Ossining, New York, becoming the first American civilians to be executed for such charges and the first to suffer that penalty during peacetime. -
Korean Armistice Agreement
The Korean Armistice Agreement is an armistice that brought about a complete cessation of hostilities of the Korean War. The armistice was signed on 27 July 1953, and was designed to “ensure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved.” -
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu took place 13 March and 7 May 1954. The United States was officially not a party to the war, but it was secretly involved by providing financial and material aid to the French Union. The purpose was to cut off Viet Minh supply lines into the neighboring Kingdom of Laos and draw the Viet Minh into a major confrontation in order to cripple them. They brought in vast amounts of heavy artillery. They then dug tunnels through the mountains to target the French position. -
Army–McCarthy hearings
The Army–McCarthy hearings were a series of hearings held by the United States Senate's Subcommittee to investigate conflicting accusations between the United States Army and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy. The Army to give preferential treatment to G. David Schine, a former McCarthy aide, counter-charged that this accusation was made in bad faith and in retaliation for his recent aggressive investigations of suspected Communists and security risks in the Army. -
Hungarian Revolution
The Hungarian Revolution began on 23 October 1956 in Budapest when university students appealed to the civil populace to join them at the Hungarian Parliament Building to protest the USSR's geopolitical of Hungary. Radio broadcast their sixteen demands for political and economic reforms to the civil society of Hungary but detained by security guards. When the student protestors outside demanded the release of their delegation of students, policemen shot and killed several protestors. -
U2 Incident
On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while performing photographic aerial reconnaissance deep inside Soviet territory. The single-seat aircraft, flown by pilot Francis Gary Powers, was hit by an S-75 Dvina surface-to-air missile and crashed near Sverdlovsk. NASA was forced to admit the mission's true purpose when a few days later the Soviet government produced the captured pilot and parts of the U-2's surveillance equipment. -
Bay of Pigs invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was failed landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by Cuban exiles who opposed Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution. it took place at the height of the Cold War, and its failure led to major shifts in international relations between Cuba, the United States, and the Soviet Union. In 1952, ally General Fulgencio Batista led a coup against President Carlos Prio, forcing Prio into exile in Miami. Prio's exile inspired the 26th of July Movement against Batista. -
Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. The Wall cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany, including East Berlin. The Eastern Bloc protected from fascist elements to prevent the "will of the people" from building a socialist state in East Germany. The West Berlin city government sometimes referred to it as the "Wall of Shame".it came to symbolize the "Iron Curtain" it separated Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a 1-month, 4 days (16 October – 20 November 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union which escalated into an international crisis when American deployments of missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of similar ballistic missiles in Cuba. An agreement was reached during a secret meeting between Khrushchev and Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro in July 1962, and the construction of a number of missile launch facilities. -
Assassination of JFK
John F. Kennedy was assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. CST in Dallas, Texas Kennedy was riding with his wife Jacqueline when he was fatally shot from a nearby building by Lee Harvey Oswald, a former US Marine. The motorcade rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where Kennedy was pronounced dead about 30 minutes after the shooting, Connally recovered. The Dallas Police Department arrested Oswald 70 minutes after the initial shooting. -
Tonkin Gulf Resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution that passed on August 7, 1964, in response to the Gulf of Tonkin incident. U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of conventional military force in Southeast Asia. the resolution authorized the President to do whatever necessary in order to assist "any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty". This included involving armed forces. -
Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive was launched on January 30, 1968. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam. in a belief that mass armed assault on urban centers would trigger defections and rebellions. more than 80,000 PAVN/VC troops struck more than 100 towns and cities, including 36 of 44 provincial capitals, five of the six autonomous cities, 72 of 245 district towns, and the southern capital. -
1968 riots at Democratic convention
In 1968, counterculture and anti-Vietnam War protest groups began planning protests and demonstrations in response to the convention, and the city promised to maintain law and order. During the evening of August 28, 1968, with the police riot in full swing on Michigan Avenue in front of the Democratic party's convention headquarters, the Conrad Hilton hotel, television networks broadcast live as the anti-war protesters began the now-iconic chant "The whole world is watching". -
Ceasefire in Vietnam
Saigon controlled about 75 percent of South Vietnam’s territory and 85 percent of the population. South Vietnamese continued to take back villages occupied by communists in the two days before the cease-fire deadline. there were an average of 2,980 combat incidents per month in South Vietnam. Most were low-intensity harassing attacks to wear down South Vietnamese. about 25,000 South Vietnamese were killed in battle in 1973, while communist losses in South Vietnam were estimated at 45,000.