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Babylonians began the basics of chemistry through alchemy in the hopes of producing gold http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_YhbtNUr7bPY/TO2-PiZZRkI/AAAAAAAAABY/ZGLngR611NM/s1600/Arabic_alchemy_Kitab_al-Aqalim2.jpg
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Leucippus did not agree with Empedocies ideas and instead, proposed that all matter was made of small hard particles called atoms.
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Aristotle did not agree with the "atomists' view of the world," because there would still be spaces in between the particles creating a vaccum. He believed that matter was created from the four main elements: fire, water, earth, and air like the Greeks however, he did not back his claims by performing experiments.
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Epicurrus was known as the Atomist philosopher, but his theory of matter was not widely accepted by his critics. This is because it did not include God. https://tse2.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.zkdMBs3oA5D505UTR7tdvQEREs&pid=Api
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Inspired by Epicurrus, Lucretius proposed that the universe was made up of atoms. http://www.tate.org.uk/art/images/research/1541_9.jpg
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The progress of chemistry/alchemy was stunted for 1,600 because they did not experiment or paradigm. However this changed during the Renaissance when people began asking questions and the printing press was invented.
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Pierrre Gassendi studied the work of Lucretius and came to a compromise about the theory of atoms that God created atoms.
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Both Boyle and Newton used pumps and gases in their study of matter, and they discovered that gases are particles that move.
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Jospeh Priestly experimented with gases and created the theory of phlogiston, matter is lost when burnt, but one problem was that some substances gained matter when they were burnt.
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Antoine Lavoisier believed this "de-phlogisticated air that Priestly talked about was actually oxygen. His work lead to the creation of the periodic table
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John Dalton established the Atomic Theory which explained why lead couldn't turn into gold. Both metals are elements which is why one substance can't turn into the other.
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J.J Thompson used a cathode ray tube to discover electrons.
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The plum pudding model of the atom made by J.J Thompson. Another version of the plum pudding model was made by Ernest Rutherford.
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Ernest Rutherford tested J.J Thompson's plum-pudding model with alpha particles and discovered there was a lot of space in the atom and one dense part called a nucleus.
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Niels Bohr proposed the Bohr model of the atom.
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Robert Millikan did an oil drop experiment and used J.J Thompson's data to determine the ratio of charged mass
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J.J Thompson discovered the ratio of charge to mass, but Robert Millikan discovered the actual numbers through oil drop experiments and Thompson's data.
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Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg created the electron-cloud model which is the current model and belief of the atomic structure today.
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James Chadwick discovered the neutron which has the same mass as a proton but no charge.
https://pixfeeds.com/images/31/606079/1200-606079-james-chadwicks-atomic-theory.jpg
