-
United States v. Raines
Overturned the ruling of a U.S. District Court, which had held that a law authorizing the Federal Government to bring civil actions against State Officials for discriminating against black citizens was unconstitutional. -
Gomillion v. Lightfoot
Electoral district boundaries drawn only to disenfranchise blacks violate the Fifteenth Amendment. -
Torcaso v. Watkins
Government cannot require a religious test for public office. -
Mapp v. Ohio
The Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures, as applied to the states through the Fourteenth, excludes unconstitutionally obtained evidence from use in criminal prosecutions. Ohio Supreme Court reversed. -
Oyler v. Boles
Due process does not require advance notice that the trial on the substantive offense will be followed by an habitual criminal accusation, but it does require a reasonable opportunity to defend against such an accusation; failure to proceed against other offenders because of a lack of knowledge of prior offenses or because of the exercise of reasonable selectivity in enforcement does not deny equal protection to persons who are prosecuted -
Fong Foo v. United States
The Fifth Amendment's protection against double jeopardy still protects a defendant even if the conduct of the defendant's trial was improper. -
Engel v. Vitale
Government-directed prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, even if the prayer is denominationally neutral and students may remain silent or be excused from the classroom during its recitation. -
Edwards v. South Carolina
State governments must protect First Amendment rights through the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Escobedo v. Illinois
Where a police investigation begins to focus on a particular suspect who has been refused counsel, his statements to police are excluded. -
South Carolina v. Katzenbach
The Voting Rights Act was a valid exercise of Congress's power under the enforcement clause of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. -
In re Gault
Juveniles tried for crimes in delinquency proceedings should have the right of due process protected by the Fourteenth Amendment, including the right to confront witnesses and the right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment. -
Gilbert v. California
A mere handwriting exemplar, in contrast with the content of what is written, is an identifying physical characteristic outside the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination. -
Ginsberg v. New York
Material that is not obscene for adults may still be considered obscene towards minors and regulated -
Pickering v. Board of Education
The dismissal of a public school teacher for public statements regarding issues of public importance, without a showing that his statements were knowingly or recklessly false, violated his First Amendment right to free speech. Supreme Court of Illinois reversed and remanded. -
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District
The First Amendment, as applied through the Fourteenth, did not permit a public school to punish a student for wearing a black armband as an anti-war protest, absent any evidence that the rule was necessary to avoid substantial interference with school discipline or the rights of others. Eighth Circuit reversed and remanded.