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The ratification of the United States Constitution established the Supreme Court in 1789. Its powers are detailed in Article Three of the Constitution.
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Under Chief Justices Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth (1789–1801), the Court heard few cases; its first decision was West v. Barnes (1791), a case involving a procedural issue.[6] The Court lacked a home of its own and had little prestige,[7] a situation not helped by the highest-profile case of the era, Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), which was reversed within two years by the adoption of the Eleventh Amendment.[8]
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The Court first convened on February 2, 1790
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The Court's power and prestige waxed during the Marshall Court (1801–1835).[9] Under Marshall, the Court established the principle of judicial review, including specifying itself as the supreme expositor of the Constitution (Marbury v. Madison)[10][11] and made several important constitutional rulings giving shape and substance to the balance of power between the federal government and the states (prominently, Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, McCulloch v. Maryland and Gibbons v. Ogden).[12][13][14][15
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From Taney to Taft The Taney Court (1836–1864) made several important rulings, such as Sheldon v. Sill, which held that while Congress may not limit the subjects the Supreme Court may hear, it may limit the jurisdiction of the lower federal courts to prevent them from hearing cases dealing with certain subjects.[20] Nevertheless, it is primarily remembered for its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford,[21] which may have helped precipitate the Civil War.[22] In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Wai
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The Taney Court (1836–1864) made several important rulings, such as Sheldon v. Sill, which held that while Congress may not limit the subjects the Supreme Court may hear, it may limit the jurisdiction of the lower federal courts to prevent them from hearing cases dealing with certain subjects.[20] Nevertheless, it is primarily remembered for its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford,[21] which may have helped precipitate the Civil War.[22] In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Waite, and Fuller Court
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Search Results 1861 The war began when the Confederates bombarded Union soldiers at Fort Sumter, South Carolina on April 12, 1861. The war ended in Spring, 1865. Robert E. Lee surrendered the last major Confederate army to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865.
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Post-war In Ex parte Milligan (1866), the Supreme Court led by Chase ruled that, so long as local civilian courts are open, citizens may not be tried by military tribunals. It further observed that, during the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, citizens may only be held without charges, not tried, and certainly may not be executed by military tribunals. In Texas v. White (1869), the Court held in a 5–3 decision that Texas had remained a state of the United States ever since it fir
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The Court was under emince pressure to reunite our nation.
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Post-war In Ex parte Milligan (1866), the Supreme Court led by Chase ruled that, so long as local civilian courts are open, citizens may not be tried by military tribunals. It further observed that, during the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, citizens may only be held without charges, not tried, and certainly may not be executed by military tribunals. In Texas v. White (1869), the Court held in a 5–3 decision that Texas had remained a state of the United States ever since it fir
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Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal
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During the Hughes, Stone, and Vinson Courts (1930–1953), the Court gained its own accommodation in 1935[28] and changed its interpretation of the Constitution, giving a broader reading to the powers of the federal government to facilitate President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal (most prominently West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, Wickard v. Filburn, United States v. Darby and United States v. Butler).[29][30][31] During World War II, the Court continued to favor government power, upholding the int
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Warren and Burger
Main article: Warren Court The Warren Court (1953–1969) dramatically expanded the force of Constitutional civil liberties.[32] It held that segregation in public schools violates equal protection (Brown v. Board of Education, Bolling v. Sharpe and Green v. County School Bd.)[33] and that traditional legislative district boundaries violated the right to vote (Reynolds v. Sims). It created a general right to privacy (Griswold v. Connecticut),[34] limited the role of religion in -
Warren and Burger
Main article: Warren Court The Warren Court (1953–1969) dramatically expanded the force of Constitutional civil liberties.[32] It held that segregation in public schools violates equal protection (Brown v. Board of Education, Bolling v. Sharpe and Green v. County School Bd.)[33] and that traditional legislative district boundaries violated the right to vote (Reynolds v. Sims). It created a general right to privacy (Griswold v. Connecticut),[34] limited the role of religion in -
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]roe v. wade: its history and impact - Planned Parenthood
www.plannedparenthood.org/.../Abortion_Roe_Hist...
Planned Parenthood
On January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court announced its decision in Roe v. Wade . -
President Ronald Reagan nominated Sandra Day O'Connor in 1981 to be the first woman justice to sit on the Supreme Court,
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The Rehnquist Court (1986–2005) was noted for its revival of judicial enforcement of federalism,[47] emphasizing the limits of the Constitution's affirmative grants of power (United States v. Lopez) and the force of its restrictions on those powers (Seminole Tribe v. Florida, City of Boerne v. Flores).[48][49][50][51][52] It struck down single-sex state schools as a violation of equal protection (United States v. Virginia), laws against sodomy as violations of substantive due process (Lawrence v
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