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Racial segregation violated equal opportunity education. Lead the path for more inclusive education, research and thought-change.
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Introduction of federal monies for education, attempt to ensure quality and equality for education. Included grants for vulnerable, low income schools. Helped build special education centers, fund book purchases, etc. (Brenchley, 2018, para. 3).
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Signed by President Gerald Ford. Under the act, all children with disabilities must have an individualized education program, free education and unrestricted environments.
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Supreme Court ruled students qualifying for special education must have access to public school programs that meet their needs.
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These amendments "shifted the focus from providing access to public education services to providing meaningful and measurable programs for all students with disabilities" (Hardman & Nagle, 2004). This included goal requirements, assessments, parent involvement in IEPs and reports.
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Legislation addressing accountability and increased participation on assessments by all students. Introduction of highly qualified teachers. (Esteves & Rao, 2008, p. 2).
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Reauthorization of the 1997 IDEA act. It included all 1997 rights with focus on parents' rights, parent participation, home-school collaboration, decision making opportunities for parents in all aspects of their child's education including evaluation, placement, intervention responsiveness and implementation. IDEA '04 also ensured all members of a students' educational team are present at special education meetings. (Family Empowerment and Disability Council, et. al, 2012, p.1)
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Initiative to standardized education in language arts and math on a national level.
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Throughout 2014-2015 testing according to Common Core began. Schools therefore implemented these standards between 2010-2014.
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Gives states the power on decision making for testing and accountability instead federal decisions/tests. States still report accountability plans and goals. Elementary and Middle schools start reporting based on four indicators. (Klein, 2016) https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/every-student-succeeds-act/index.html
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). Family Empowerment and Disability Council. May 2012. FEDC Issue Brief: May 2012. Retrieved from http://www.efrconline.org/myadmin/files/fedc_Parent_Participation.pdf Hardman, M. L., & Nagle, K. (2004). Public policy. In A. McCray Sorrells, H. Rieth, & P. T. Sindelar (Eds.), Critical issues in special education (pp. 277-291). Boston: Pearson Education.
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Brenchley, C. (2015, April 8). What is ESEA? Retrieved from https://blog.ed.gov/2015/04/what-is-esea/ Esteves, K. J., & Rao, S. (2008, November). The Evolution of
Special Education. Retrieved from https://www.naesp.org/sites/default/files/resources/1/Principal/2008/ N-Oweb2.pdf Klein, A. (2016, March 31). The Every Student Succeeds Act: An ESSA Overview. Education Week. Retrieved Month Day, Year from http://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/every-student-succeeds-act/
