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  Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan proclaim their independence from Russia
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  Bolsheviks, or Reds, and anti-Bolsheviks, or Whites, ravages Russia.
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  Policy of "war communism" enunciated, with the state taking control of the whole economy
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  Soviet Union adopts constitution based on the dictatorship of the proletariat and stipulating the public ownership of land, Lenin dies and is replaced by Stalin
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  Russian-Finnish war, which ends with Finland ceding territory to the USSR - the present Russian constituent republic of Karelia.
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  Germany invades the USSR and by the end of the year occupies Belarus and most of Ukraine, surrounds Leningrad (now called St Petersburg).
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  Soviet Union declares war on Japan, eventually annexing the southern half of Sakhalin and the Kuril islands.
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  Soviet Union and China sign 30-year alliance treaty.
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  Congress of People's Deputies votes for the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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  Russian government takes over offices of USSR in Russia.