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President Lincoln wanted to bring the former Confederacy back to the Union. He wanted to forgive the rebel soilders, so he made a plan called the Ten Percent Plan. This plan was where a state could be readmitted to the Union if 10 percent of voters swore to a loyalty oath to the Union and to end slavery.
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Lincoln was re-elected due to his growth in popularity in leadership during the Civil War. Facing many problems, one of them was the Wade-Davis Bill. This bill was trying to forced states to accept African-Americans were not slaves and grant all the right to vote but it was vetoed because it was too harsh.
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This was a bureau of Refugees made to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South. They provided food, shelter, medical help, made schools, and offered legal assistance.
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At Appomattox, Virginia, General Lee Surrenders 28,000 troops to the Union. The Civil War was finally over.
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Actor John Wilkes Booth entered the presidential box at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C., and fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln. As Lincoln slumped forward in his seat, Booth leapt onto the stage and escaped through the back door. After that Johnson is voted into office.
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President Johnson declares the reconstruction process complete. Outraged, Radical Republicans in Congress refuse to recognize new governments in Southern states. More than sixty former Confederates arrive to take their seats in Congress.
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After the Thirteenth Amendment people wondered the staus of the blacks, so enacted a set of laws that restricted them from really being free.Mississippi’s law required blacks to have written evidence of employment for the coming year each January; if they left before the end of the contract, they would be forced to forfeit earlier wages and were subject to arrest.
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This amenedment was abolishing slavery in the United States, except if it is a punishment of a crime.
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Radical Republicans are the wing of the Republican Party organized around helping slaves get their rights and become truley free. This was dangerous because they threatened the South by saying the slaves would be free, and they hated that.
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There were 3 acts.
1st:to provide for the more efficient Government of the Rebel States,
2nd:established and clarified that the military commanders held responsibility to register voters and hold elections in their territories.
3rd:gave supreme power to the five Union generals overseeing Reconstruction in the five districts of the South -
Johnson was impeached in 1868. This was because he fired a disloyal member of his cabinet. Disloyal in the sense that he was refusing to carry out the president’s policies and was actively conspiring with the congressional majority against the president.
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The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” and included former slaves recently freed.
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As president, Grant tried to make it peaceful between the North and South. He supported pardons for former Confederate leaders while also attempting to protect the civil rights of freed slaves. In 1870, the 15th Amendment, which gave black men the right to vote, was ratified. Grant signed legislation aimed at limiting the activities of white terrorist groups like the Ku Klux Klan that used violence to intimidate blacks and prevent them from voting.
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Sharecropping is system of working land owned by others. After the Civil War the slaves gained their freedom and plantation owners had ample land but little money for wages to pay people to raise the crops. At the same time the former slaves who were mainly uneducated needed farming related work. The sharecropping system of farming provided the solution and solved the problem. The sharecroppers provided the labor the plantation, and the farm owners, provided everything else - at a price.
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February 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote.
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The Enforcement Acts were three bills passed by Congress. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws.
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This act was a United States federal law that removed voting restrictions and office-holding against most of the people who rebelled in the American Civil War, except for about 500 military leaders of the Confederacy.
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Africans Americans demanded plots of land from the Freedmen's Bureau because they believed that freedom was manifested in land. However, many were against this idea. People believed they were not necessarily entitled to free land. He commenced to work in favor of terminating the Freedmen's Bureau.
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In 1875, the lame-duck Republican-controlled Congress, in a last effort to protect what remained of Reconstruction, managed to pass a civil-rights bill that sought to guarantee freedom of access, regardless of race, to the "full and equal enjoyment".
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The United States presidential election of 1876 was one of the most disputed presidential elections in American history. Samuel J. Tilden of New York won more votes than Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 votes uncounted.
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Hayes ended Reconstruction within his first year in office by taking out federal troops from states still under occupation. He made federal dollars available for infrastructure improvements in the South and helped Southerners to influential posts in high-level government positions. While these actions satisfied Southern Democrats, they also antagonized some members of Hayes’ own party.
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The Compromise of 1877 was an unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.
