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318 BCE
Aristotle describes life with sacla naturae
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who used all types of writing he wrote about physics, governments, politics and even about ethics. He was the first to give the first detailed classification of living things . He came p with the "the scala ladder" of the natural ladder and this ladder represented the order of importance of things in life. http://palaeos.com/systematics/greatchainofbeing/scala_naturae.html -
162 BCE
Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
Galen was a greek who became the Romans empire greatest physician. He wrote over 20,000 about the human body and how he seen it. He had experience in anatomy, surgery, pharmacology, and therapeutic methods. He made a big impact because the way he seen the human body and medicine made people want to learn more and made them understand how the human body works.
https://www.famousscientists.org/galen/ -
lamarck develops Hypothesis of eveolution by means of acquired characteristics
He is known for his theory of inheritance he believes that if an organism changes to adapt tot the new community, that change will be passed on to their offspring and so on.
http://necsi.edu/projects/evolution/lamarck/lamarck/lamarck_lamarck.html -
Alfred Russel wallace published ideas of evolutionary processes
Alfred was exploring the wild life of south American and Asia, he wanted to show his results to Darwin and when Darwin seen the results he noticed the results were almost identical regarding natural selection.
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_14 -
The origin of species by means of natural selection is published
Darwin published "The Origin Of Species" on 1859, it was named one of the most influential pieces of scientific literature, and even is til this day. He wrote any expesrienses he had both in the galapagos island, and south Africa.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/origin-of-species-is-published -
Louis Pasteur refuted spontaneous generation
Louis Pasteur designed an experiment to test whether sterile nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microbial life and to his surprise, it did in fact spark up a lot of life.
http://www.pasteurbrewing.com/louis-pasteur-experiment-refute-spontaneous-generation/ -
Pasteur's Germ Theory of Disease is published
The theories in place before Pasteur’s Theory was published, were the theories of spontaneous germ generation, instead of getting infected. with his theory he was able to give scientist and doctors a better understanding of how, humans contract germs, and how to create vaccines.
https://bigpictureeducation.com/history-germ-theory -
Gregor Mendel publishes work on inheritance traits in pea plants
Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. With his work it was visible that genes come in pairs(dominant or recessive) and are passed down, one from the mother, and one from the father.
http://www.dnaftb.org/1/bio.html -
Plasmodium Falciparum is described as the causative agent of malaria
Plasmodium Falciparum is a single-celled protozoan parasite, which is found in malaria infected hosts such as humans. although the parasite is not able to travel on its own, it uses the help of the female anopheles mosquito to spread vastly after the mosquito meals from a malaria infected host. Once in the bloodstream the parasite travels via the human bloodstream directly to the liver, and cause hypnozoites.
http://scientistsagainstmalaria.net/parasite/plasmodium-falciparum -
Hardy and Weinberg independently develop the Hardy-Weinberg equation for determining allele frequencies in populations
Godfrey Hardy and physician Wilhelm Weinberg developed an equation describing the relationship between the frequency of the dominant and recessive alleles in a population.
(p + q)(p + q).
http://www.biologyreference.com/Gr-Hi/Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium.html#ixzz5EqHVIQ56 -
T.Hunt morgan discovers sex-linkage
Sex linkage applies to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. These genes are considered sex-linked because in order to receive/affect a specific trait you have to be a male or female, for example, colorblindness, you can be female and have the trait but it wont have an affect on you unless you are a male. While sex linkage is not the same as genetic linkage, sex-linked genes can be genetically linked.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/pigeons/sexlinkage/ -
Neils Bohr develops the Bohr model of tom structure.
The Bohr model of the atom was a more advanced model from earlier, classical descriptions. The model structure depicts the atom as a small positively charged nucleus, surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits, around the nucleus. Bohr's model was the first that incorporated quantum theory and was the predecessor of wholly quantum-mechanical models.
https://www.britannica.com/science/Bohr-atomic-model -
Frederick Griffith describes the process of transformation
Frederick Griffith had two bacteria, one of the bacteria was dead, and the other was live bacteria. He injected the bacteria in to two groups of mice, one group received the dead bacteria, and the other live bacteria. The group with dead bacteria survived with few symptoms, but the other with live bacteria was killed. Frederick, then injected both bacteria on the survivors, all the mice were killed. He notice that both types of bacteria were alive.
https://explorable.com/transforming-principle -
Barbara McClintock describes transposons
Transposons Elements are also known as jumping genes.
They operate in two very different ways, the first require, reverse transcription, and the second require, insertion, and excision.
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/transposons-the-jumping-genes-518 -
Theodosius Dobzhansky publishes 'Genetics and the Origin Of Species'
Theodosius Dobzhansky's book is thought to be one of the most important works of modern synthesis, he popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists through his book. Dobzhansky managed to use in formation about, mutation, natural selection, and speciation, and use it all on his book. He also helped make evolution relevant, as it was around but was neglected at the time.
http://www.pnas.org/content/94/15/7691 -
Beadle and Tatum publish "One Gene - One Enzyme" hypothesis
The One Gene -One Enzyne hypotheisis was made, and proposed by George Beadle and Edward Tatum. The One Gene -One Emzyne hypothesis states that, one gene directly produces one emzyme.
http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ECE1 -
Jacques Cousteau develops SCUBA/Aqua Lung
First named the "Aqua-Lung" was invented by Jacques, he opened a whole new wold to marine biologist. they could now get to places that they had never been to, and all while exploring the new depths. with his new invention now even he, could help protect the ocean, and its wildlife. he stated a foundation in 1973
"The Cousteau Society" which is still around to this day.
http://www2.padi.com/blog/2014/01/27/jacques-cousteau-the-father-of-scuba-diving/
