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A diphtheria epidemic killed Duhem's younger sister Antoinette and his younger brother Jean.
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Duhem presented his thesis on Thermodynamic Potential to receive his doctorate. It was a highly controversial and was rejected by a panel of three scientist.
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Duhem took the position of Maitre de Conférences at the Faculté des Sciences at Lille. He met his future wife Adele Chayet whom he married in 1890.
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One of Duhem's most influential works called "The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory" was publshed. In this book he writes about three major ideas: Instrumentalism, the underdetermination of theories by evidence, and confirmation holism. Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie. The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory. Atheneum, 1954.