-
This tariff was passed as a protective tariff with dues as high as 50% in order to protect the northern and western agricultural products from foreign imports. This tariff raised cost in the South greatly as they relied on imports. This caused southern anger towards the tariff's and caused them to call it the "Tariff of Abomination" and fear that Great Britain would issue a retaliatory tariff. This is the tariff that led to the Nullification Crisis. -
This document was anonymously written by John Calhoun, the Vice President, which argued for the the states to be able to nullify federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional. It was written in response to the tariff of 1828. It helped lead to the Nullification Crisis and helped to try and promote states rights. -
The Tariff of 1832 was a bill that was passed to try and make southerners happier with the tariff situation. The tariff decreased the taxes imposed on some of the products that the South used but it was not good enough, which would eventually lead the South Carolina government to pass the Ordinance of Nullification. -
This Ordinance of Nullification produced by the South Carolina government declared that both the Tariff of 1828 and the Tariff of 1832 were null and void within South Carolina's borders. South Carolina argued that the federal government had exceeded its powers with both tariffs and that they were "unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States". The South Carolina government also threatened to defend their stance using violence if necessary, or secede from the Union. -
President Jackson issued this proclamation to refute South Carolina's ordinance nullifying the Tariff of 1828 and 1832, and to respond to their threat of armed resistance and threat of succession. Jackson states in his proclamation that South Carolina declaring a federal law "null and void" is unconstitutional and goes against the structure of the Union. Jackson argues that states resisting to do so such as South Carolina and using armed resistance to avoid doing so is treason that he will end. -
The Tariff of 1833, proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, was meant to help end the anger caused by the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832, and proposed to gradually decrease the tariffs until the year 1842, which they would then revert to what they were under the Tariff of 1816. It helped to please southerners and gave northerners industries time to adjust. Southerners were greatly in favor of the compromise, while northerners were opposed and westerners were split. The compromise ended up helping. -
The Force Act was passed in response to South Carolina refusing to enforce and collect the taxes on imported goods that had been imposed by the Tariffs of 1832. This act gave President Jackson the ability to use military force to collect the tariffs and to protect customs officials. This act showed South Carolina that President Jackson was serious about what he said in his proclamation and that he would use force against them if needed. This helped reinforce the federal governments power. -
After the passing of the Compromise Tariff and the Force Act, South Carolina legislature met to rescind their past ordinance that had declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void. They still ended up declaring the Force Act nullified on March 18th, 1833 right before the convention ended. This was ignored by President Jackson and this was the end of the Nullification Crisis. The issues such as nullification and succession would still be issues and would eventually lead to the Civil War.