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The 18th Dynasty begins with Ahmose I, who rises to power. He built some of the last pyramids in Egypt and laid the foundation for the New Kingdom Period.
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Ahmose I of Thebes subdues and expels the Hyksos at Avaris, restoring power to the lands of Canaan and Nubia
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Ahmose resumes large-scale construction projects similar to those before the Second Intermediate Period. For instance, he expands the Amun temple in Karnak and the Montu temple at Armant.
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Amenhotep I begins his reign. He was not expected to ascend, but since the original heir had passed away, he would become the next Pharaoh
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Allegedly he did this to deter tomb robbers from finding his burial site. He was the first pharaoh to do this.
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Thutmose I, his brother-in-law, rises to power. Thutmose I campaigns all the way to Mesopotamia, makes Thebes the most imposing city of the kingdom and erects the Obelisk at the Karnak temple. The Egyptian Empire reaches its greatest expansion.
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The Egyptian Empire expands as far as the Euphrates.
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Thutmose I is the first pharaoh to be buried in the Valley of the Kings in a tomb cut in the rock
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He also reorganizes the bureaucracy of the empire's military
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Hatshepsut co-rules as regent with Thutmose III, her stepson, who was too young to rule alone.
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Hatshepsut declares herself ruler, ruling alongside Thutmose III, although practically she was the sole ruler. Her rule is marked by great progress and prosperity. When he reached the appropriate age, Hatshepsut makes Thutmose the general of the Egyptian armies.
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Thutmose III is victorious against the Mitannis, conquering Syria. Ancient Egypt rises to the peak of its power and influence.
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He builds the Amun Temple at Luxor and the palace at Malkata (near Thebes)
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He marries Nefertiti and relocates the new capital to Amarna, north of Thebes, dedicating it to the god Aten and forbidding references to all other deities.
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When he became king (about 9 years old) , he married his half-sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed her name to Ankhesenamun. They had two daughters, both stillborn.
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Tutankhamun dies early at age 19 possibly due to congenital flaws, results of constant inbreeding among the royal family. He is consequently buried in the Valley of the Kings.
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He reforms the state and suppresses the preceding Amarna rulers. He relocates the capital back to Memphis.
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Before this, he had appointed his vizier, Ramesses I as the next pharaoh since he had heirs (to avoid succession problems). This begins the 19th Dynasty.
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His son, Seti I, rises to the throne.
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Seti I passes away after completing the largest tomb in the Valley of the Kings. His son, Ramesses II, rises to the throne.
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Battle between Pharaoh Ramesses II and Hittite king, Muwatalli II.
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World’s first peace treaty between the Hittites and the Egyptians.
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Ramesses II passes away 6 years after he relocates the capital to Pi-Ramesse in the delta and constructs the Colossus at Memphis, two temples at Abu Simbel, a tomb at Thebes, and the Hypostyle Hall of the Karnak temple at Luxor.
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The 20th Dynasty begins with Sethnakhte, who was not a direct relative of his predecessors. He may have been a usurper.
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His son Ramesses III assumes the throne. He is often regarded as the last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom era.
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He attempts to try to hold off the threat of the invading Sea Peoples.
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He defeats them despite the Sea Peoples increasing their efforts in invading Egypt
