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A series of armed conflicts between various Native American tribes and European colonizers or the U.S. government from the 17th to the late 19th centuries -
The Trail of Tears was the forced removal of Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States to territory west of the Mississippi River. -
the 19th-century belief that the United States was divinely destined to expand its dominion and spread democracy across the North American continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific -
A period of mass migration to a region where gold has been newly discovered, driven by the hope of striking it rich. Historically, this phenomenon led to rapid population booms, the growth of boomtowns, the development of new mining techniques, and significant social, economic, and environmental changes, as seen in the California Gold Rush of 1849, which drew hundreds of thousands of people from around the world. -
The reservation system was established by the U.S. government's Indian Appropriations Act of 1851, which created reservations for Native American tribes and forced them onto designated lands. -
An agreement between the United States and the Sioux Nation that ended Red Cloud's War and guaranteed exclusive tribal use of the Great Sioux Reservation, which included the Black Hills. -
A decisive 1876 battle in which Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warriors, led by chiefs like Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, defeated Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer and his 7th Cavalry troops near the Little Bighorn River in Montana -
Authorized the federal government to break up tribal lands by partitioning them into individual plots. Only those Native Americans who accepted the individual allotments were allowed to become US citizens. -
A spiritual and cultural movement among Native Americans in the late 19th century, originating in Nevada in 1889 with the Paiute prophet Wovoka -
The Curtis Act of 1898 was a U.S. law that abolished tribal governments in Indian Territory, ending tribal sovereignty and paving the way for the creation of Oklahoma