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Gandhi
Worked for peace in India by use of nonviolence.
Used to be a lawyer in South Africa.
Had people fast and eat on certain diets.
Self-sufficient communities to speak out against the government and society.
Inspired Martin Luther King Jr. -
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Chinese Civil War
After the Qing Dynasty fell there was no one to take over China. The country was at war with itself between the Communist and Nationalist parties. Nationalist Chinese split into Taiwan as the Communist became the Peoples Republic of China. The Civil war is still not ceased officially to this day. -
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WWI
Allie versus the Central Powers.
Began with the assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Everyone wanted more land that others owned.
Russia pulled out early due to internal disputes.
Woodrow Wilson gave his 14 point speech after the war, but it was not taken into effect. -
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Russian Revolution
A series of Revolutions in Russian against the Tsar and to create the Soviet Union.
The Tsar family was killed and by the end of the year the Bolsheviks were ruling.
After signing a treaty with Germany Russia broke into Whites and Red (anti and for Bolsheviks) civil war. Bolsheviks ultimately leading the the USSR. -
Wilson's 14-Point Plan
A speech given by US President Woodrow Wilson to assure the country that they were fighting for moral cause and postwar peace and what should be done after the war.
Proposed no secret alliances, open trade networks, league of nations, etc.
Never ratified by points were used. -
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League of Nations
Founded as a resort of the Paris Peace Conference after WWI. International security organization.
To prevent war and settle international disputes.
Fell apart when Hitler withdrew Germany from the league and WWII started. -
Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty of World War I. Ended war between Germany and the Allies.
Took six months to decide on a the negotiations of the treaty.
Germans must take responsibility for the war, disband military services, and pay for damage done with 132 Billion marks. -
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Stalin's 5-Year Plans
Stalin designed a 5 Year plan to strengthen the USSRs economy. Community farming was started, people were assigned jobs, and large increase in military. Tried to incourage industrialization, but couldn't due to isolation and ideaology of the USSR. -
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Great Depression
Due to inflation around the world and weak economies the world fell into deep depression. WWI had taken a toll on the world and left many with nothing. People in Germany would burn money to keep warm it was so worthless.
Governments were careless. -
Period: to
Hitler Comes to Power
Hitler came to power through the government. Joined the Nazi party and was eventually chosen as Chancellor. From there he created a Third Reich as a dictatorship and Nazisim. Took over and caused terror in many people. -
Period: to
WWII
Allies vs. Axis. Started by the Germans as revenge for the treaty of versailles and became a war for land and ethnic cleansing of the Jews. Aryans were "the best race."
Japan fought along side Germany.
Germany gave in first, while Japan stood firm. Two atomic bombs were released in Japan, and they surrendered.
Lots of destruction left behind.
The United Nations were established.
Led to the Cold War between the superpowers. -
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Mao Zedong & Maoism
Revolutionary in China that led the Chinese Revolution, commanded the Long March and the Communist Party of China. Closed off China, Cultural Revolution, and the Great Leap Forward. Caused famine and decline in culture, society and economy. -
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Cold War
The Cold war began almost right after WWII.
The two world powers were now Russia and America. Both wanted more control than the other.
The war consisted mainly of political war and economic competition.
It included the Vietnam and Korean war, the Cuban missile crisis, and Soviet war in Afghanistan.
It ended with the fall of the Berlin wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. -
Creation of Pakistan
When Britain gave India it's independence as part of the agreement Pakistan was created. Now Muslims and Hindus could have their own countries. There was a lot of war as the two were headed to their sides, and still is tense between the two. -
Indian Independence
Gained independence from Britain to finially become it's own nation.
Gandhi would have his followers make their own clothes and use all home made and grown things to hurt Britains economy.
The many movements finally broke down Britain to release India. -
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NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Orginization.
Treaty between the previous allies to keep the peace and protect those who want and need protection and intervene when things take a turn for the worst.
The first secretary general said it was to "Keep Russia out, America in, and Germany down." -
Period: to
Great Leap Forward
Economic and social campaign of the Chinese Communist party. Modernize China. Led to famine and economic decline. Collective farms led to no success.
Mass killings. -
Period: to
Korean War
Military conflict between South Korea and communist North Korea.
North was trying to invade South Korea, so the US came in to help. Fighting occured on the 38th parallel, a middle ground.
Small fights break out to this day even with the buffer between the two. -
Period: to
Warsaw Pact
Treaty between the Communist states in Eastern Europe.
Put up and kept the Berlin Wall. -
Period: to
Vietnam War
War between communist North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
Guerilla warfare.
Still fighting after the Paris Peace Treaty.
US pulled out in August of 1973.
War ended with North capturing Saigon and reunification. -
Period: to
Bay of Pigs
Unsuccessful invasion of CIA trained Cuban exiles supported by the US to invade Southern Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro.
JFK had been in office for only 3 months. -
Period: to
Berlin Wall
The barrier between East and West Berlin. It divided Germany into the U.S.S.R. side and the British/French/U.S.A. side.
People in East Berlin could only travel across the wall on certain occassions.
It fell after a reporter made a mistake in saying it was going to come down, when he was supposed to actually say there would be new more open regulations to take place the next day.
It started to be torn down by the huge mass of people. -
Period: to
Cuban MIssile Crisis
U.S.S.R. and Cuba built Nuclear missiles in Cuba to hit the U.S.A.
Ended with agreemant between the US and U.S.S.R.. The U.S.S.R. would dismantle and ship the missiles and bombs back and the U.S. wouldn't invade Cuba again. Secretely there was more to it, which was the U.S. would dissmantle our missiles in the US, Europe, and Turkey. -
Period: to
Juan Peron
An Argentinian military officer that became President for one term.
He and his wife, Eva, tried to eliminate poverty and dignify labor.
Had passion for the people. -
Period: to
Helsinki Accords
Was the final act of the Conference of Security and Co-operation in Europe to imrove relations between the Communist bloc and West. -
Period: to
Islamic Revolution
Events leading to the overthrow of the Iranian monarchy.
Revolution of protest and demonstrations.
Rebel troops started street fighting and by April a republic was in place. -
Period: to
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq invaded Iran causing a break out of war. Iraq hoped to take Iran since it was still in chaos.
Border disputes.
UN stepped in a forced a cease fire. -
Tiananmen Square
Mass student demonstration against the People's Republice of China in Tiananmen square.
Fighting against communism after seeing other Eastern communist states collapse recently.
Many protests in the same place had begun in April.
Tanks rolled in and the military killing hundreds to thousands of people. -
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USSR Disintegrates
The USSR government, economy, and social structure slowly fell apart.
Loss of East Germany.
Demonstrations against the government and areas wanting to become independent. -
Reuninification of Germany
After many peaceful revolutions GDR held their first free elections and negotiated the reunification fo the FRG and GDR.
Later joined the EU and NATO. -
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Nelson Mandela
Against apartheids in South Africa.
Was arrested and convicted for sabatoge and life in prison.
Following his release in 1990 he led a party in negotiations leading to a multi-racial democracy. Then became president from 94-99.
Received the nobel peace prize. -
September 11, 2001
Terrorists fly planes into the North and South towers of the World Trade Centers in Manhattan, New York.
Another plane is flown into the Pentagon and the third one the passengers were able to prevent the terrorist from flying the plane into the White House.
Leader of attack was Osama Bin Laden.