-
Chant was the biggest form of music in the Middle Ages. They were always sung in churches.
-
We did not have scales at this time. Everything was sung according to a certain mode or sometimes a mix of modes.
-
The Mass was used for the main service of church. There are two parts: the ordinary (set text) and the proper (changing text).
-
With the fall of Rome came the start of the era. The music in this era "came from God."
-
Early polyphony looks a lot like homophony to us now. The first known form of polyphony is organum: everyone sang the chant while one person sings something else on top of the chant. This also became some of the first forms of music to be notated.
-
He is credited with inventing the staff. This staff has 4 lines. There will always be a red line representing F and a yellow line representing C, however they can move positions.
-
She was there equivalent of a psychic. She created the liturgical dramas genre and wrote religious poetry. She was also the founder and abbess of the convent in Rupertsberg, Germany. She also created the genre of Miracle Plays.
-
Hildegard von Bingen created this genre when she began composing the poetry and music as well as writing down her visions.
-
He was the first composer of polyphonic music whose name we know. He is credited with compiling the Magnus liber organi.
-
He's from southern France but served in northwestern Italy. He wrote at least 35 poems but only 7 survive with music. He was killed in battle serving his patron.
-
This basically translates to the Big Book of Organum. It was compiled by Leonin and had all of the notated organum.
-
It is believed that he may have studied with Leonin. He is also credited with creating the Organum Triplum: a three-part organum
-
Composers began writing new texts and music resulting in the motet. Now there was more text than chant. Used 6 rhythmic modes: the first idea of some rhythmic sense. Texts would be in French, Latin, or sometimes both. Troping became popular as well.
-
He wrote the Ars nova notandi and was the first composer of the Ars Nova genre. He was also a priest.
-
New art. Only a thing in France. Many innovations in rhythm especially.
-
He is the most famous composer and poet of the time. He wrote more than 20 extant motets, several extant chansons, and one of the first polyphonic mass cycles. Most of his stuff was very sad.
-
Translates to The New Art of Notes. It was written by Philip de Vitry to explain to new composers how to write Ars nova. It shows us what it looked like in the first half of the 14th century.
-
He was famous not only because he was a great composer, but he was also blind. Italian.
-
More commonly known as "The Black Death," the plague killed about 1/3 of the European population. The church was also very corrupt.
-
He was a very influential transitional figure from the late Medieval into the early Renaissance. He had a very "English quality" in his music. He used more 3rds and 6ths in his harmonies; we are getting closer to modern triadic music. He was so popular people would put his name on their works so it would become popular.
-
The first Renaissance composer
-
More people stopped believing in the church and started turning to science.
-
He was a composer and music theorist. He wrote about contemporary music. He wrote the first dictionary of musical terms.
-
Most revered Renaissance composer. Others would try to pass off their music as his. He wrote over 100 motets, 17 masses, many French chansons, and Italian secular songs. He's known for his chansons.
-
Prolific German composer
-
Not only was he an artist, he was also a composer. It was recently found that if you overlay a staff onto The Last Supper, the bread creates a melody.
-
This was the first dictionary of musical terms ever written. It was written by Johannes Tinctoris.
-
He went the extreme with voice motets. He wrote a 40-voice motet (Spem in alium) and later even wrote an 80-voice.
-
He is one of the earliest Italian madrigal composers. He worked in both Italian and French courts. He composed over 250 madrigals, 125 French chansons, and sacred music.
-
Most prolific composer of the Renaissance.
-
He was the most famous composer of the Renaissance.
-
The church wanted everything to be homorhythmic, but he kept using polyphony. Awarded the most posthumous fame.
-
Originated in Florence as a form of aristocratic entertainment. There is only one voice on each part; sometimes instruments would play a voice part. Aristocratic poetry.
-
Important Catholic English composer working in Protestant England. He was harassed because of his faith but his talent provided protection from serious persecution. He wrote several anthems and important keyboard music.
-
He was the leading composer of instrumental ensemble music and polychoral works of the late Renaissance. He moved to Venice in 1585 to take the position of organist at St. Mark's Cathedral. He was one of the first to indicate what instruments he wanted to play a certain line; he would also sometimes indicate dynamics. He composed over 100 motets.
-
He never composed any music himself, but he often worked very closely with composers to create music for his plays.
-
Written by Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. It met the religious goals called for in the reform. It was supposedly written to satisfy the Council of Trent. It was written for 6 a capella voices in polyphonic and homorhythmic.
-
Transitioned music from the Renaissance to Baroque style. He wrote 9 books of madrigals and composed several operas during the Baroque era.
-
He was an English composer and organist who lived in London and Dublin. He is known for his clever word painting.
-
Written by Giovanni Gabrieli. It is from a larger collection called Sacred Symphonies. Two choirs of instruments and split choirs.
-
Written by John Farmer. Written for four solo voices. Lots of word painting.