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People were getting harmed from metals and all the pollution (air and water). There were no policies and places were filthy and contaminated.
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Ancient rome used water to sweep the streets clean.
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There was air pollution from garbage, sewers, and industries.
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Romans set a new standard for public health.
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Aqueducts are used to bring water to the gymnasiums and public baths.
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Occupational disease is well known in ancient Rome. Workers in lead and mercury mines and smelters are known to suffer from the metals, according to rome’s famous engineer vitruvius.
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Much happened to Europe during this time period. There was still a lot of pollution, but people were becoming more aware. The pollution was terrible though.
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Queen Eleanor leaves Nottingham Castle, because of heavy coal smoke.
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Bubonic plague kills 75% of of Europe and Asias population, making the people
want to enforce public health. -
Parliament passes an act forbidding the throwing of filth and garbage into ditches, rivers, and waters.
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Ulrich Ellenbog writes first Pamphlet on Occupational disease.
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Queen Elizabeth greatly grieved and annoyed by coal smoke in westminster Palace.
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Paris becomes first European city with extensive sewer system.
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During this time period we see more scientific research being done. There are quite a few problems with purified drinking water andBenjamin Franklin played some important roles during this time period in Philadelphia.
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During this time period we see more scientific research being done. There are quite a few problems with purified drinking water andBenjamin Franklin played some important roles during this time period in Philadelphia.
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Benjamin Franklin had a concern for sanitation and pure drinking water in Philadelphia.
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Benjamin Franklin and neighbors petition Pennsylvania Assembly to stop waste dumping and remove tanneries from Philadelphia’s commercial district.
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First Experiments on use of coal- gas for lighting by coal mine Owner george Dixon in Newcastle, England
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Philadelphia committee led by B. Franklin attempts to regulate waste disposal and water pollution.
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English Scientist Percival pott finds that coal is causing an unusually high incidence of cancer among chimney sweeps.
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Beginnings of first sewers in London, but water supply is still frequently contaminated.
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This is when all kinds of new machinery came in. We saw new ways of getting electricity. Some laws were passed and others were rejected. The new machinery also brought air pollution and water pollution. Also, many clubs and committees were made at this time to help stop pollution.
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First gas lights. They used manufactured gas for these. It caused coal tar problems to the environment. That could be air pollution and water pollution which could potentially affect human health.
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House of Commons Factory Commission. I think this committee was established to watch and protect factories and their workers and that is also what they do, they make sure work environment and workers are safe and healthy. This committee was chaired by Michael Sadler who investigated conditions of workers in textile mills.
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Report of the Board of Health (focus: Cholera Outbreak) The board of health was to advocate for public health. They speak for the public health to maintain health, safety, and comfort for people. It was created, because during this time public health was becoming an issue.
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Royal Commission on Employment of Children in the Mines-
The Royal Commision was created to give another point of view on hard topics or controversy. Once they have been started they can’t be stopped. At this time women and children were not being treated fairly in the mines. They wanted to make that aware and give them better working conditions. -
The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. This was a science inquiry written by Edwin Chadwick describing how diseases and child mortality is linked to unsanitary conditions and polluted drinking water. It was created to inform the public that sanitation is important and that people are dying from unsanitary conditions. At the time he found that people were dying from diseases and children were dying, because of the pollution and unsanitary environment.
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First comprehensive city sewer plan in U.S. in chicago, it could pollute the city.
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Pennsylvania legislature rejects bill to regulate water pollution.
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American Public Health Association- Founded in 1872, Is the oldest non- profit organization of Public health in the world. APHA aims to protect all Americans and their communities from preventable, serious health threats. We needed an organization to prevent us from health threats because we did see pollution and some serious disease outbreaks.
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American Public Health Association- Founded in 1872, Is the oldest non- profit organization of Public health in the world. APHA aims to protect all Americans and their communities from preventable, serious health threats. We needed an organization to prevent us from health threats because we did see pollution and some serious disease outbreaks.
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British Public Health Act . This was created to give a general board of health in London. They enforced standards of public hygiene where the death rate was high. At this time they had to get with authority to help housing, water pollution, and occupational disease. At this time pollution was high and occupation conditions were tough.
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Massachusetts passes first factory inspection law. This is a good thing, to make sure the factory is being cleaned. But, maybe their standards aren’t high enough for future needs.
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FIrst hydroelectric power plant starts operation in Wisconsin, this could eventually ruin the environment and kill habitats.
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During this time there was all kinds of air pollution. I'm assuming it is from all the new machinery that was invented, but everyone around the world complained about the air quality.
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1,000 Londoners died in smog incident. The Smog started on December 4, 1952, and lasted until march of 1953. It was a great disaster that killed lots of people.
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Sewage cleanup in London means the return of some fish species (grilse, whitebait, flounder, eel, smelt) to the Thames River. (Fitter). And it did just that, the fish were able to breed and come back in good numbers, because all the pollution was gone.
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Coal Smoke Abatement Society formed to pressure government agencies to enforce pollution laws in England. A man named William Richmond did not like the low levels of light in the winter, because of all the coal pollution. The organization grew from there. They eventually made “The Clean Water Act of 1956”.
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Steel tycoon Andrew Carnegie tells a Chamber of Commerce meeting in 1898, that smoke was driving people "to leave Pittsburgh and reside under skies less clouded than ours."
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Many acts were created to help deal with the pollution of water. At this time we saw water getting even more polluted, which led to people wanting to stop water pollution.
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U.S. Water Power Act authorizes hydroelectric projects.
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Oil Pollution Act finally passed in weakened form, prohibiting discharge from any vessel within the three-mile limit, except by accident. A stronger act would have prohibited discharges from oil refineries.
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Public Health Act (UK) expands Alkali Acts of 1863 and 1906 to control any chemical process considered to cause serious pollution. A public inquiry is to be held before each extension and the authority of an order laid before Parliament for any extension. Also extended in 1958. (Hunter, 1955)
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Federal Water Pollution Control Act; beginning of active House and Senate Public Works Committee interest in water pollution.
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Congress passes Water Pollution Control Act.
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British Parliament passes Clean Air Act.
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The coolest thing I think that happened in the seventies is the first Earth day. People were becoming more aware of our environement.
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The first national Earth Day celebration is organized.
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Clean Air Act is passed- control air pollution on a national level.
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People were becoming more aware of hazardous waste and what it does to the people. We see more organizations coming together to help stop polluted water.
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Citizens Clearinghouse for Hazardous Waste was formed. It was a movement of environmental justice from the Love Canal, New York. Today it is called Center for Health, Environment, and Justice. -founder Lois Gibbs
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Congress passes Coastal Barriers Resources Act and Nuclear Waste Policy Act.- They Created the act to encourage development of repositories for the disposal.Their responsibilities is to run and Operate geologically-mined repositories.
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There is environemnetal justice and everyone is getting involved in helping the Earth.
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Youth for Environmental Sanity (YES) was formed. It is to inspire and collaborate with kids to make them join in a change for a better life/environment.
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EPA establishes Environmental Equity Workgroup to help deal with environmental justice.
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Today we see many more disasters. There is air pollution along with explosions and nuclear breakdowns. There were major environmental disasters.
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One of the most serious US environmental disasters east of the Mississippi River (until 2008 and the TVA ash disaster). Over 300 million gallons of thick, black coal slurry sludge is released when a Massey Energy Co. impoundment dam collapses near Inez (Martin County), Kentucky into the Big Sandy River’s Tug Fork and its tributaries.
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Nuclear reactor melt-downs, explosions and spent fuel fires at the Fukushima power complex create a major disaster for public health and environment as well as Japan's economy.
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We don;t know what will happen for sure, but we can make some observations now. There are ways to help our environment and new renewable resources can be used.
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Ocean thermal electric conversion (OTEC) could be another renewable energy.
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It takes everyone to make a climate change, not just the “big people.”
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Mushrooms have the potential to be medicine.
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We should preserve biodiversity.
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Research is being done to see if mushrooms could be ecological restoration.
