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Macbeth is victorious on the battlefield. He sees three witches who give him prophecies:
He is Thane of Glamis
He will be Thane of Cawdor
He will be King Hereafter -
Thane of Cawdor is named as a traitor-he is sentenced to death. This paves the way for Macbeth to become Thane of Cawdor
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Duncan's murder is the result of the main cause in Act 1; the witches' prophecies.
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Another outcome of the witches' prophecies is Macbeth's downturn/emotional decline. In Act 2 he starts to battle intense grief and remorse "Will these hand ne'er be clean?"
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Lady Macduff and her children are murdered-this is an effect of Macbeth's ambition and paranoia.
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This event is an ultimate effect/outcome of the witches' prophecies.