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A New Zealand educational psychologist who made significant contributions to literacy education. She is best known for developing the Reading Recovery program, which provides individualized support to help young children who are struggling with reading and writing catch up with their peers. She emphasized that early intervention and personalized instruction could make a lasting difference in children’s literacy development (2023, October 24).
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A major development in literacy theory because it helps teachers understand that children learn to read and write through social interaction and culture. It shifted literacy teaching from just learning the alphabet and words to learning through meaningful society experiences (Vygostsky, 1978).
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An Italian physician and educator renowned for developing an educational approach that emphasizes self-directed activity, hands-on learning, and collaborative play. Her educational philosophy, the Montessori Method, is based on the belief in the creative protentional of children and their drive to learn (Encyclopedia Britannica, August 2025).
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It was the first major federal law to provide funding to public schools to help all students get a quality education, especially those from low-income families. Helped improve reading and literacy programs (U.S. Department of Education, 1965).
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A foundational concept in early childhood education that describes how children develop an understanding of language, symbols, and print before formally learning to read and write (Carter-Smith, 2021)
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Ensures that states are responsible for improving student literacy and reading skills, emphasizing evidence-based programs and accountability for all students (U.S. Department of Education, 2015).