-
Brown v. Board of Education Cont.
-
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against racial segregation in public schools. This case began in 1952, combining five total cases concerning the legality of public school segregation. Separate but equal had been the "solution," but it was found that black schools' funding and resources was not at all equal compared to white schools.
Brown v. Board essentially started the fight for equality in education. Getting rid of separate but equal made way for future integration of all students. -
P.A.R.C. v. Pennsylvania Cont.
-
P.A.R.C. v. Pennsylvania
In 1971 the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children took advantage of the culture change Brown v. Board started. P.A.R.C. represented 14 children with disabilities, all of whom had been denied public education. The court ruled that public schools couldn't deny a child admission without a hearing. This case helped show that everyone is capable of learning, no matter their abilities. P.A.R.C also helped introduce the benefit of integrating students of differing abilities into one classroom. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
In 1982 parents of Amy Rowley sued the district because they denied their deaf daughter a sign interpreter, which they believed would help Amy reach her full potential. Amy was already succeeding, therefor the district argued she was benefitting enough. The district ruled in favor of the Rowley family, but the decision was reversed by the Supreme Court.
This case could have set a precedence that handicapped students should have an equal education to that of their peers. -
Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley Cont.
The reversal was unfortunate, but brought the U.S. closer to the future changes benefitting disabled students. Link text Photo Source: https://journalstar.com/news/local/state-ed-board-considers-requiring-more-highly-trained-sign-language/article_89ed4042-ef72-5ade-bf2f-9f78b68eddf2.html -
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro Cont.
-
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro
Irving v. Tatro was a case concerning Amber Tatro, a student that needed to be catheterized during school. The school refused to provide this service, even though it is not required to be performed by a physician. In order for Tatro to attend school she needed this service, therefore the Supreme Court ruled in her favor.
This case showed that not all added services are directly educational in nature. Districts are required to provide the necessary "other" so that a student can benefit. -
PL 94-142 / I.D.E.A.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 1975, required federally funded schools had to provide equitable education for children with disabilities. Later IDEA required state support for families of children with disabilities from birth, equal curriculum for disabled students, and many new IEP requirements. In 2004 IDEA changed to require early intervention, more accountability for educators, higher special education standards/quality, and more funding to special education programs. -
PL 94-142 / I.D.E.A. Cont.
