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Established judicial review.
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States cannot levy taxes on a federal bank; courts upheld supremacy clause.
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Courts upheld commerce clause; national government has exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce.
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Federal court cannot stop enforcement of state law that restricts rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights. (has since been overturned)
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Congress cannot ban slavery, and slaves are property.
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Established the precedent of "separate but equal". Has since been overturned.
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Speech can be punished if there is a clear and present danger.
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States cannot require students to only attend public schools.
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States cannot require students to only attend public schools.
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States cannot require students to attend only public schools.
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Used the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill of Rights to the states.
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States must observe all "fundamental" liberties.
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"Fighting words" are not protected by the First Amendment.
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Abolished white primaries.
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The government's needs outweighs that of a citizen under circumstance of war. Not a precedent, but was never overturned.
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Applied the establishment clause of the Bill of Rights to states and enforced the wall of separation.
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States may allow students to be released from public schools to attend religious institutions.
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Separate public schools are inherently unequal; began racial desegregation in public schools.
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Illegally gathered evidence cannot be used in a court case; a use of the exclusionary rule.
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States are required to provide counsel for defendants who can't afford attorneys.
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No prayer in public schools, due to the establishment clause.
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To libel a public figure, there must be "actual malice".
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Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives.
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"Miranda Rights", which must be read to any arrested persons before their statements can be used as court evidence.
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Suggested integration should be mandated by the government instead of letting students pick where to go.
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Public school students may wear armbands to class protesting against America's war in Vietnam when such display does not disrupt classes; over the First Amendment freedom of speech.
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Approved redrawing of district lines and busing to force integration.
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Established the Lemon Test, three guidelines for deciding whether the government is improperly involved with religion. Asks if the program has: a strictly secular purpose; primary effect that advances or inhibits religion; or fosters an excessive government entanglement with religion.
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Obscenity defined as appealing to prurient interests of an average person with materials that lack literacy, artistic, political, or scientific value.
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State laws against abortion are unconstitutional.
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President can get confidential advice, but can be required to reveal material related to a criminal prosecution.
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A law limiting contributions to political campaigns is constitutional, but limiting a candidate's expenditures of their own money is not.
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Quotas for admission of minorities are not allowed, but race can be a consideration. Upheld affirmative action.
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Men can be drafted into the military, but women cannot.
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The president cannot be sued in office.
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Created the good faith exception to the exclusionary rule.
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States can ban sodomy. (Overturned by Lawrence v. Texas, 2003)
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There may not be a law to ban flag-burning.
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Reaffirmed Roe but added some limits,
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There can be no clergy lead prayers at (public school) graduation.
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Limited Congress' power under the commerce clause.
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A law that bans sending "indecent" material to minors over the internet is unconstitutional because "indecent" is too vague and broad a term.
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The president can be sued for things that happened before he took office.
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No student-lead prayers before (public school) football games.
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It is unconstitutional for the Boy Scouts to exclude people based on their sexual orientation because it is a private organization.
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Stopped the recount of the vote in Florida; thought to be a partisan decision.
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Upheld the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, which prohibits corporations and labor unions from running ads that mention candidates and their positions for 60 days before a federal general election.
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Upheld a state voucher plan, despite concerns over the establishment clause.
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States cannot ban sodomy. (Overturned Bowers v. Hardwick)
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Better known as BONG HITS 4 JESUS. Over free speech. Controversial because it includes reference to illegal drugs.
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Issue ads may not be prohibited before a primary/general election; prohibits campaign finance reform law from banning political advocacy.
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Government can't ban private possession of firearms.
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District of Columbia v. Heller decision applies to states.
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Overturned part of 2002 McCain-Feingold campaign finance reform law that prohibited corporate and union funding of campaign ads.
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Legalized same-sex marriage nationally, requiring all states to recognize and issue same-sex marriage licenses.