Isotypes

Johann Amos Comenius published his Orbis sensualium pictus

1658

This marks the start of using pictograms in education

William Playfair developed pictorial statistics for showing the balance of trade in his Statistical Breviary

1801

Otto Neurath born

1882

Michael George Mulhall published the Dictionary of Statistics which applies pictorial statistics

1883

- engineer Willard C. Brinton publishes Graphic Methods for Presenting Facts in which he advocated the use of sets of symbols to represent quantities.

1919

Neurath and Arntz develop their ‘ Vienna Method of Pictorial Statistics ’ , which was later renamed ISOTYPE (International System of Typographic Picture Education)

1920

Marie Reidemeiste ‘ transformed ’numerical data into sketches of pictorial statistics

1924

Publication Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft. Bildstatistisches Elementarwerk

1930

The most comprehensive representation of the pictorial work of the Viennese team

Neurath moves GWM from Austria to the Netherlands, and formed the ‘International Foundation for the Promotion of Visual Education’

1930

International Picture Language: The First Rule of Isotype published

1936

Basic by Isotype was published

1937

Neurath fled Netherlands for England when the Nazis invaded, while Arntz remained and worked illustrating the statistical yearbooks of the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics to 1966

1940

British ISOTYPE institute was founded

1941

Neurath Dies

1945

political climate in the Western world became unfavourable for further development of ISOTYPE because of the cold war

1960

Nigel Holmes refers to ISOTYPE in his book

1984

Exhibitions featuring ISOTYPE have been held throughout Europe

2000

Actualisation started on ISOTYPE charts from the 1930s

2003

ISOTYPE representation not happening; the Department of Typography & Graphic Communication of the University of Reading launched their ‘ ISOTYPE revisited ’project

2007

ISOTYPE has become obsolete in the new era. The Internet Era

2009