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Imre Lakatos was born in Hungary in 1922. He was known as a philosopher of mathematics and science. Shortly after receiving his degree in mathematics, physics, and philosophy, the Germans invaded Hungary and stayed for the duration of WWII.
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At the end of WWII, Lakatos stayed in Hungary and worked in the Hungarian Ministry of Education. Having disagreements and constantly questioning orders from Russian authorities, He was jailed for over 3 years by the Stalinist Regime. Lakatos remained in Hungary after his release, but eventually fled to England by way of Vienna in1956.
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Similar to Kuhns's Paradigm, a Research Program was a structured way for scientist to conduct experiments. Scientist are committed to the research and don't reject the basic ideas after a failed experiment. Theories are modified and new experiments are conducted. Research Program contains 2 main components. a set of basic ideas that are essential are known as Hard Core. Protective belt is less fundamental ideas used to apply the hardcore to phenomena.
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Lakatos had a fulfilling life with many papers written and an many people inspired. It is said he was extremely effective as a research supervisor. He died at the height of his career from a sudden heart attack at the age of 51.