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Independently from Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus rediscovered the pulmonary circulation, but this discovery did not reach the public because it was written down for the first time in the "Manuscript of Paris"[43] in 1546
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"Manuscript of Paris" was published in the theological work for which he paid with his life in 1553
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Bacteria and microorganisms were first observed with a microscope by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676,
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Herman Boerhaave is sometimes referred to as a "father of physiology" due to his exemplary teaching in Leiden and textbook 'Institutiones medicae' (1708).
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Robert Koch's discoveries around 1880 of the transmission of disease by bacteria,
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The discovery of antibiotics around 1900
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The first antibiotic was arsphenamine / Salvarsan discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1908
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