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stock market crash (black tuesday)
the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its fallout. -
elenor roosevelt began her work as a social reformer
Eleanor Roosevelt was a key figure in several of the most important social reform movements of the twentieth century: the Progressive movement, the New Deal, the Women's Movement, the struggle for racial justice, and the United Nations. -
dust bowl
a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the US and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion (the Aeolian processes) caused the phenomenon. -
Hawley-smoot tariff act
raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels. -
boulder dam (hoover dam) bulit
concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada. -
mary bethune made head of the division of negro affairs and the national youth administration
an American educator and civil rights leader best known for starting a school for African-American students in Daytona Beach, Florida, that eventually became Bethune-Cookman University and for being an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. -
reconstuction finance corporation
was modeled after the War Finance Corporation of World War I. The agency gave $2 billion in aid to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations and other businesses. -
federal loan home bank act
passed by the Hoover administration in 1932 that was designed to encourage home ownership by providing a source of low-cost funds for member banks to extend mortgage loans. -
bonus army gassed
the popular name of an assemblage of some 43,000 marchers—17,000 World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who gathered in Washington, D.C., in the spring and summer of 1932 to demand cash-payment redemption of their service certificates. -
franklin delano roosevelt (fdr) elected
He brought hope as he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." -
john collier became commissioner of indian affairs
intended to correct some of the problems in federal policy toward Native Americans. It was considered to aid in ending the loss of reservations lands held by Indians, and making some progress for enabling tribal nations to re-institute self-government. -
the hundred days begins
First 100 Days was indeed a model of presidential accomplishment. Between March and June 1933 Roosevelt successfully urged Congress to enact a series of laws creating a host of new federal programs. -
frances perkins became first female cabinet member
As a loyal supporter of her friend, Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition. She and Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes were the only original members of the Roosevelt cabinet to remain in office for his entire presidency. -
first fireside chat
a series of thirty evening radio addresses given by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944. -
Glass -steagall act
limited commercial bank securities activities and affiliations within commercial banks and securities firms. -
wagner act
guarantees the right of workers to organize, and outlines the legal framework for labor union and management relations. -
court-packing plan
A move by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to increase the size of the Supreme Court and then bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the Court. -
NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin steel corporation
Court case that declared that the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 was constitutional. It effectively spelled the end to the Court's striking down of New Deal economic legislation, and greatly increased Congress's power under the Commerce Clause. -
congress of industrial organization created
proposed by John L. Lewis in 1928, was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955. -
grapes of wrath published
The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. The book won the National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and it was cited prominently when he won the Nobel Prize in 1962.
