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The European Dark Ages started around the 5th century. During the Dark Ages, the Europeans had great difficulties with their development while other countries were developing.
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The alchemists tried to turn Lead into Gold. There were many experiments that occured which misguided the alchemists into thinking Lead could be changed into Gold.
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After the Dark Ages, the tables turned and Europe began developing again. This happened around the 14th and 15th centuries, quite a long time after the Dark Ages had started. Sometime in the middle 15th century, many alchemists thought that the experiments of turning Lead into Gold had succeeded which wasn't true because they had just created colours and pigments. The colours and pigments created inspired art which inspired people.
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Phosphorous was discovered in 1669 by H Brand.
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The Elements are named after:
1. The countries or places they're discovered (E.g Francium - discovered in France, thus the name)
2. The solar system (E.g Neptunium named after the planet Neptune)
3. Mythology (E.g Thorium is named after Thor, who's believed to be the God of War and Thunder)
4. It's properties (E.g Bromine is named after 'bromos' which in Greek means stench as Bromine smells really bad)
5. Famous scientists (E.g Curium, named in the honour of Marie and Pierre Curie) -
Magnesium was discovered in 1755 by J Black.
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Hydrogen was discovered in 1766 by H.Cavendish.
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Oxygen was discovered 1771 by C W Scheele.
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Nitrogen was discovered in 1772 by D Rutherford.
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Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by C W Scheele.
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Beryllium was discovered in 1798 by L N Vauquelin.
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Potassium was discovered in 1807 by H Davy.
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Sodium was discovered in 1807 by H Davy.
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Boron was discovered in 1808 by J L Gay Lussac and L J Thénard.
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Calcium was discovered in 1808 by H Davy.
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Lithium was discovered in 1817 by J A Arfwedson.
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Silicon was discovered in 1824 by J J Berzelius.
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Aluminum was discovered in 1825 by H C Orsted.
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Helium was discovered in 1868 by P Janssen & J N Lockyer.
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Fluorine was discovered in 1886 by H Moissan.
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Argon was discovered in 1894 by Lord Rayleigh & W Ramsay.
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The Plum Pudding model was the idea of J J Thompson. His theory said that all parts of the atom were positively charged. His theory also said that there were electrons which were in random places.
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In 1897 scientists find out that the nucleus of the atom do change.
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Neon 1898 by W.Ramsay & M.W.Travers
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A few years later, Ernest Rutherford carried out a famous experiment in which he "shot" alpha particles through a thin layer of gold foil. His theory said that almost all particles went through which showed that nearly all of the atom was empty, some alpha particles were bent out at a wide angle which showed that the centre of the atom had a positive charge and lastly, some bounced back which showed that almost all of the atom's mass was nucleus.
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The previous theories were overtaken by Niels Bohr's theory. In his theory, the electrons were organized into shells/orbitals
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Before the Cold War, there were many bombings in Japan (at the end of Second World War) which produced new elements therefore influenced other countries to have a "race" to find new elements.
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After the bombings in Japan, some countries began a race to find more and more elements, so more and more bombs were made. There was war to find more elements.
