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He thought all matter is made up of atoms and that an atom was a single postively charged sphere.
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all matter that is alike is created of like atoms that have the same atomic weight. he believed that the atom was composed of postive charges to identify the property of the substance.
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thomson discovered the electron. he belived an atom was composed of postively charged spheres, called protons, and negativly charged spheres, called electrons.
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rutherford dicovered that the atom had a postively charged center called a nucleus that had orbiting electrons. he believed that the nucleus was composed of protons and neutrons.
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he discovered that the atom had rings of electrons around the nucleus that created an electron clould.
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they found that each atom has a number of rings that mathematically match that atoms identity and they also used this to develope a new method of quantum mechanics.