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He discovered the ideas of atoms. He asked how many times something could be brake until it is gone. He didn't know what atoms look like.
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He discovered that matter seemed to consist of elementary lumpy particles. He used various chemicals in experiments to discover the atoms. He didn't know what they look like.
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He discovered the electrons and knew they had a negative carge and thought that matter must have a positive charge. He knew that electrons are negative so he also knew that there will also be positive matter. His model had electrons and positive matter.
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That megative electrons orbited a positive center. He used alpha rays to figure out the inside of an atom. It look like a solar system as the electrons orbit the positive.
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In his model, the electron in a hydrogen atom must be in a specific energy level. The method he use the spectrum. Electrons orbit the nucleus at certain distances.
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They discover uncertainty primciple which a particle's action can never be precisely known at the same time. They used the method of Quantum Theory. A photon hits the electron and it is uncertain of its direction and speed.
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