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Democritus is the first man to theorize that everything is made up of atoms.
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John Dalton brings back the atomic theory.
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A famous experiment is performed by Crooke. He discovered that cathode rays travel in straight lines and omit heat when they hit certain materials.
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Becquerel discovers radioactivity when working with Uranium.
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J.J Thomson discovers electrons and invents the Plum Pudding Model of an atom.
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Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that there is a nucleus inside of an atom, containing a positive charge. All the mass of the atom is found within the nucleus.
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Discovered by James Chadwick, neutrons are neutral atoms found within the nucleus. He bombarded the alpha rays on Beryilium and came to discover neutrons.