History of the Atom

  • 460

    Democritus

    Democritus developed the idea of atoms by dividing up materials and reducing them to smaller and smaller particles and he called them atoma.
  • John Dalton

    John Dalton suggested that all matter was made up of tiny spheres that could move around with perfect elasticity and he called them atoms.
  • Joseph John Thompson

    Joseph John Thompson discovered that atoms could sometimes eject a smaller negative particle which he called an electron.
  • Plum Pudding Model

    Thompson developed the idea that an atom was made up of unevenly scattered electrons within an elastic sphere. That is surrounded by a soup of positive charge to balance the electron's charge.
  • Ernest Rutherford

    Ernest Rutherford oversaw Geiger and Marsden carrying out his experiment where they fired Hileum nuclei at gold foil that was only a few atoms thick. They found that most of them passed through but 1 in 10,000 got hit. He concluded that the positive charge was all in a central nucleus, holding the electrons in place.
  • Niels Bohr

    Niels Bohr refined Rutherford's idea by adding that the electrons were in orbits and each orbit could only conatin a set of electrons.