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The first statute in the United States to codify naturalization law. Also known as the Nationality Act, it set the criteria for naturalization to two years of residency, proof of good moral character, and an oath to support the Constitution.
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Ohio is the first state to adopt a bilingual education law, allowing German-English instruction at the parents’ request.
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The U.S. Supreme Court decided 1919 that teaching a foreign language to students before high school violated the clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Robert T. Meyer, the Plaintiff, was a instructor who was tried and convicted in the District Court for Hamilton County, Nebraska, teaching a language other than English by reading a German book. -
Act was signed by President Lyndon Johnson as an an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). It provided and aided students who had limited English speaking ability (LESA), with funds to establish programs to assist them
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Passed by President Johnson. Provided funds for programs, such as bilingual education, that were vital for students and their education.
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This act was passed during an era of rising immigration and an eager civil rights movement. It offered federal funding to urge schools to try methods integrating native-language teaching.
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An amendment added to the ESEA which bans discrimination against race, color, age, creed, or national origin in any federally funded activity or program.
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Mandated that school districts with more than 5% national-origin children must offer special language instruction for students with a limited knowledge of English.
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This case determined California schools needed to provide ELL students with equal access to textbooks and resources. 100 students in San Francisco filed a suit again California stating that schools failed to provide access to instructional materials, safe and decent school facilities, and qualified teachers.
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Requires all public school instruction be conducted in English and provides initial short-term placement in intensive sheltered English immersion programs for children not fluent in English.
