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Mesopotamia is placed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It is the earliest human civilization and the first to use written language.
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Ancient Egypt was the first empire and was the most tradition-bound empire in the history of the world. Egyptian society was organized hierarchically, with gods at the top, the Pharaohs beneath, humanity next, and the dead at the bottom. The Pharaoh was known as a god-man and Egyptians are mostly known for the Great Pyramids.
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Indian civilization is best known for the caste system, which is its hierarchical ordering of civilization. It was helpful for controlling a massive society with vastly different socioeconomic
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China is mostly known for the building of the Great Wall. Their first “sovereign emperor” was Shih Huang-ti who began construction of the Great Wall and abolished the feudal system and
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Babylonia is an ancient cultural region occupying southeastern Mesopotamia. Because the city of Babylon was the capital of this area for so many centuries, the term Babylonia has come to refer to the entire culture that developed in the area. Before Babylon’s rise to political prominence, however, the area was divided into two countries: Sumer in the southeast and Akkad in the northwest.
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He was an ancient Greek philosopher who took Aristotlethe as his major source for philosophy and science. He is the founder of the school of natural philosophy.
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An Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and the putative founder of the movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down
centuries after he lived, so very little reliable information is known about him. -
While sitting under a tree to meditate a demon tempted him all night. By the next morning, he had become enlightened and became a supreme Buddha.
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His teachings and philosophy formed the basis of East Asian culture and society and continues to remain influential across China and East Asia still today
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He was an ancient Greek author of Greek tragedy and is often described as the father of tragedy.
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He is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians
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He wrote a systematic, thorough study of the Greco-Persian Wars and tried to explain the cause-and-effect of it. After Herodotus, historical analysis became an indispensable part of intellectual and political life.
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He is known as the founding figure of Western philosophy. His style of teaching became known as the Socratic Method and He wrote nothing himself. He was accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and sentenced to death. Choosing not to flee, he spent his final days in the company of his friends before drinking a cup of poison
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He was one of the two founders of ancient atomist theory in antiquity as well as the "laughing philosopher" because of his emphasis on the value of cheerfulness.
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He was one of the greatest ancient historians. He chronicled nearly 30 years of war between Athens and Sparta. He relied on the testimony of eyewitnesses and his own experiences as a general during the war.
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He was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of Magna Graecia and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides. Aristotle called him the inventor of the dialectic and he is best known for his paradoxes.
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He was a Roman soldier, senator, and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. As well as the first to write history in Latin.
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He was a Roman patrician, soldier, and senator of the 1st century. best known for the second Catilinarian conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic and the power of the aristocratic Senate.
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He was a leading Roman general and statesman. He played a significant role in the transformation of Rome from Republic to Empire. He was a student of Roman general Sulla as well as the political ally of Julius Caesar.
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He was a lawyer and the first of his family to achieve Roman office. He was also one of the leading political figures of the era of Julius Caesar. He was eventually murdered, but Cicero’s writings barely had any influence over the centuries. It was through him that the thinkers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment discovered the riches of Classical rhetoric and philosophy.
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He was a Roman poet and philosopher. Only known for the philosophical poem "De rerum natura."
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He was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, which was retained as his legal name.
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He was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period and composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid.
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He was the first Roman emperor, reigning from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is one of the most famous roman leaders is all of history
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He was the second Roman emperor reigning from AD 14 until 37, succeeding his stepfather, the first Roman emperor Augustus.
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He was the fourth Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, He was born where his father was stationed as a military legate.
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He was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 to 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus's granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, He was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
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He was the fifth emperor of Rome after being adopted by the Roman emperor Claudius and succeeding him to the throne. he was popular with his Praetorian guards, lower-class commoners, and the provinces. But was deeply resented by the Roman aristocracy.
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He was a Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher. He was the last of the rulers known as the Five Good Emperors, and the last emperor of the Pax Romana. He also served as Roman consul
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He was a major Hellenistic Greek philosopher, regarded by modern scholarship as the founder of Neoplatonism. His teacher was the self-taught philosopher Ammonius Saccas, who belonged to the Platonic tradition
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Constantine's father was the Western Roman emperor, but after his death, Constantine became the Western emperor and the sole Roman emperor. Constantine was also the first emperor to adhere to Christianity. He issued an edict that protected Christians in the empire and before his death converted to Christianity
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He wrote many famous and influential works. He also Embraced the philosophy of Cicero as a young man, then took up Manicheanism. He started to become dissatisfied and began to follow Plotinus. Then in 386, He converted to
Christianity and thereafter became the most influential Christian thinker Later he became the Bishop of Hippo, but his most influential work is The City of God -
He was a Roman senator, consul, and magister and is most famous for being the one who translated Aristotle's logical works into Latin
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He is the founder of Islam and is believed to be a descendant of Ishmael. He received a revelation from God by an angel saying that he was God's messenger.
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Westerners benefited from his works, which were translated into Latin. But Muslims, however, called him a heretic for reading a lot of Aristotle's work. One of his main contributions to medieval times is his defense of the transcendental agent intellect.
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He wrote commentaries on Aristotle’s work, interpreted
Plato’s Republic as being lacking only in the need for Allah and Muhammad, and argued that women’s rights should be raised the way Plato raised them. -
An authority of the Roman Catholic Church and a prolific writer, he was ranked as one of the most influential thinkers of medieval times.
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He was best known for his voyage through Asia along the Silk Road
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Italian poet, writer, and philosopher. He is best known for the monumental epic poem "La commedia", that was later named La divina commedia
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He was an Italian painter and architect and is believed to have painted many chaples in different places
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He was an English poet and author and was considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages, he is best known for The Canterbury Tales and has been called the "father of English literature."
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He was a German craftsman and inventor who originated a method of printing from movable type.
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He was an excellent navigator and experienced seaman who plotted a route to the Indies but ended in the Americas.
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He produced a small number of paintings but also wrote a bunch of works on subjects such as anatomy, architecture, animals, and angels.
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While onbly living into his thirties, He received a humanistic education and knew a lot of languages such as Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic. He wrote On the Dignity of Man, in which he argued that man is either the spiritual center of the universe or he is a co-center with God.
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By the time he was in his late twenties, he had mastered medicine, law, mathematics, and astronomy. Copernicus developed his theories throughout his life, but because of the gravity of them, only allowed them to be printed when he was on his deathbed.
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He was a French Renaissance writer, physician, monk, and Greek scholar and is mostly known as a writer of satire material
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He was one of the greatest poets of the French Renaissance, whose use of different literary devices had a big influence on the style that other poets after him used.
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The Aztec rulers were governed by fear and force but crumbled because of the Europeans. They created a written language
and an accurate calendar as well as constructed elegant and elaborate buildings made of stone, and they
developed an agricultural system that included a sophisticated irrigation system. They were very violent and had human sacrifice as a common practice -
After nearly losing all his hearing, he studied Greek and later became the official poet of King Charles IX’s court. He also led a generation of poets, known first as the Brigade and later as Le Pléiade, who sought to bring the values of humanism to the french.
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The Incan rulers like Aztec rulers governed by fear and force as well. They also fell because of the Europeans and They constructed great buildings and road systems. Inca's were also very violent and had human sacrifice as a common practice
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He was an English physician who loved science and was also fascinated by lodestones because of their magnetism, and eventually discovered that the world itself is a magnet. He also supported Copernicus’ heliocentrism and suggested that some kind of magnetism held the planets in their orbits.
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He was Danish and was best known as an astronomer, astrologer, and alchemist.
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He was first a soldier, who at one point endured five years of captivity, but he left being a soiler to become a writer. Which he created many pieces of work, but sadly they all failed.
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Edmund Spenser was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English as well as one of the greatest poets in the English language.
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He is best known for his three laws of planetary motion and was also fascinated by the question "What holds the planets in orbit? and what drives them forward?"
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John Milton was an English poet who served as a civil servant in the Council of State in England. He wrote a lot of religious and political writings and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost.
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This war was started after the Roman Emperor Ferdinand II tried to push Roman Catholicism on his people, which they rebelled in response.