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In the era of European Kingdoms, the advent of the free cities, such as Bologna, across Europe led to the establishment of Universities in Europe.
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It is the first university established in Europe. The date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088.
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The University of Oxford has no known foundation date. The head of the university had the title of chancellor from at least 1201, and the masters were recognised as a universitas or corporation in 1231. The university was granted a royal charter in 1248 during the reign of King Henry III.
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Cambridge University was established by scholars leaving Oxford College after a dispute created due to the execution of two scholars. It was granted royal charter in 1231.
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It is the oldest public university in the world, and was the first university dedicated to training secular administrative staff.
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Harvard was established in 1636 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1639, it was named Harvard College after clergyman John Harvard.
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College of William and Mary was established as an institution of higher education for both Native American young men and the sons of the colonists in the Colony of Virginia. Founded in 1693 by orders of King William III and Queen Mary II, it was the second college established in the United States, after Harvard.
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Chartered by The Collegiate School (later renamed as Yale University) was established in 1701, in Connecticut Colony, by the church to educate Congregational ministers.
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John Leverett became the first non-clergy president of Harvard University, starting the turn of the college away from religious influence and towards intellectual independence.
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The oldest university in Michigan was established as a public university. it started in Detroit and was later moved to Ann Arbor.
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Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, where New Hampshire state's attempt to make the school a public university, was challanged.
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The Michigan Constitution of 1850 proposed the creation of an "agricultural school" in 1850, but it had to wait till February 12, 1855, when Michigan Governor Kinsley S. Bingham signed a bill establishing the first agriculture college of the country, the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, currently known as Michigan State University,
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Illinois Legislature adopted a resolution drafted by Jonathan Turner, calling for the Illinois congressional delegation to enact a land-grant bill to fund a system of industrial colleges, one in each state.
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Establishment of first agriculture college in the US, the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, renamed as Michigan State University
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The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865, between the Union or Northern states and the Confederates or the Southern states. The Civil War began was a result of the dispute over the slavery of African-American population.
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Morrill Land-Grants Act was introduced in the Senate as S. 298 by Justin Smith Morrill (R–VT) on May 5, 1862, that passed the Senate on June 10, 1862 and passed the House on June 17, 1862 and finally signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on July 2, 1862
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An expansion of Morrill Act passed in 1890 was aimed at the former Confederate states after Civil War. This act required each state to not discriminate by in admission criterion, or to create a separate land-grant institution for persons of color.
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The College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB), better known as College Board, was formed to expand access to higher education. It creates and administers standardized tests and curricula to promote college-readiness.
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The Association of American Universities or AAU was founded on February 28, 1900, by a group of 14 PhD granting universities in the United States. This was done in order to standardize the doctoral programs across American universities.
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World War I was a global war starting in Europe, and later joined by the United States. It lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Originally titled the Scholastic Aptitude Test, and later called the Scholastic Assessment Test, SAT was introduced by the College Board in 1926. The SAT is developed, and created by the College Board.
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The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill, was created to provide a variety of benefits for returning World War II veterans.
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The Cold War (1947–1953) is the period within the Cold War from the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to the conclusion of the Korean War in 1953. In 1947, Bernard Baruch, the multimillionaire financier and adviser to presidents from Woodrow Wilson to Harry S. Truman, coined the term “Cold War” to describe the increasingly chilly relations between two World War II Allies: the United States and the Soviet Union.
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Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, was a landmark judgement by the U.S. Supreme Court in which it was ruled that the laws of creating racial segregation in public schools were unconstitutional.
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The Civil Rights Act is a landmark law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits discrimination and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public institutions.
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The Higher Education Act of 1965 was legislation signed into law on November 8, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. This law was aimed to enhance the resources for colleges and universities and to provide financial assistance for students through scholarships or low-interest loans for students.
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Title IX was enacted as a follow-up to passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This added the clause of removal of gender-based discrimination in federally funded institutions.
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FERPA is a federal law governing access to educational information and records to public entities and authorized people. For example, FERPA gives parents access to their child's education records.
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United States Department of Education began operations on May 4, 1980. It was created after the erstwhile Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was split into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services due to Department of Education Organization Act signed by President Carter in 1979.
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ADA is a law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords protections against discrimination to people with disabilities.
