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In the field of electricity, he was the first to discover that when rubbing a piece of amber, it attracts lighter objects, he did not define the causes of this phenomenon, which is due to the distribution of charges, but he did know that electricity resided in the rubbed object.
Thanks to this, the term electricity has been derived, coming from the word elektron, which in Greek means amber. -
He discovered electricity as such using the principles of Thales of Miletus, applying the electric term from elektron to the forces exerted by some substances when rubbed, verified that many substances behaved like amber and classified them as electric bodies (insulating materials ) and anelectric (conductive materials). -
He invented an electrostatic machine capable of producing an electric discharge, the machine was made up of a sphere of sulfur and it rotated with a crank, the machine induced a charge by placing a hand on it, he also invented the first air pump and demonstrated the existence of atmospheric pressure. -
He perfected Otto Von Guericke's electrostatic generator by replacing his sulfur sphere with a glass one, he built this rotating glass sphere by extracting the air from inside with the air pump and placing a crank on the machine that allowed the sphere to rotate, Inside, he placed a small amount of mercury on the sphere, creating a vacuum in its environment, generating an electrostatic charge that when placing his hands on the outside of it, a bluish glow was generated where his hands were. -
He demonstrated the conductivity of the bodies, thanks to an assembly that he developed in wood on which he suspended two coulombs of silk where he later placed a child and transmitted static energy to him that he generated with Hauksbee's electric generator, under the child he placed gold viruses. and the child as he passed his hands began to be attracted and jumped, showing that some materials are conductors and others are insulators and conductors. -
He developed his studies motivated by studies by Stephen Gray, and observed the repulsion behavior of a gold sheet and an electrified glass bar, determining the existence of two charges, the vitria and the resinous charge, since he witnessed them by rubbing with a silk cloth the glass was positively charged and when rubbing the amber with skin it was negatively charged. -
He developed his experiment with the principle that if electricity flowed like water it could be stored like liquids, giving way to his experiment called the Leyden jar, which consisted of a glass bottle filled with water and connected at one end to a cable. conductor, connected to Haukbee's electric generator and placed on an insulating material, one day by accident he took the bottle and touched the cap and a current passed to it, concluding that electricity could be conserved. -
He explained that lightning was an electrical phenomenon and that it could be attracted to the earth and thus he built the lightning rod, he also determined the existence of positive and negative electrical fluids, giving an explanation to the Leyden jar. -
He determined the existence of electric charge and the voltage experienced with torpedo fish, comparing it with the Leyden jar, and building an artificial fish with it, concluding that the torpedo fish transmits a low voltage, but a high charge while the Leyden jar had a high voltage, but a low charge. -
He invented the torsion balance to measure the force of attraction or repulsion between two electric charges, and he created the function that unites this force with the distance and managed to establish the principle that is based on the interaction between electric charges where F=K (qq´)/d2.
He also studied electrification by friction and polarization, and introduced the concept of magnetic moment. -
His investigations were based on animal electricity and its effects on the nerves and muscles of animals, discovering that electricity causes effects on the physiological action in living beings, when perceiving that the legs of a frog contracted, when touching them with an object charged with electricity, these discoveries were captured in a book called animal electricity. -
He had very different thoughts from those of Galvani and in search of new forms of electricity he built a battery retaking Cavendish's work on the torpedo fish, but this time building it with metal, this was called the volta battery in which he used materials such as copper, cellulose and acid, making electricity continuous. -
He created a huge 4m*9m battery, the largest up to that moment, which he used to generate a spark by joining its two poles, thanks to this he began the age of electricity, leaving Davy's lamp as an artifact. -
He discovered electromagnetism, showing that an electric current forms a magnetic force. -
He created the first electromagnet with a horseshoe and a coil that wrapped it by circulating current with cables from a battery and showed that with the horseshoe weighing less than a piece of iron it could be lifted, creating a starting point for new inventions. of useful and controllable machines. -
He invented the electromagnet at the same time as Sturgeon, he also worked on the theory of electromagnetic induction and later realized that Faraday had already done it, he also invented the telegraph but due to lack of resources Morse later patented it with his help, placing it in operation in 1839. -
His studies focused on electric currents and demonstrate the relationship between the intensity of an electric current, its electromotive force and resistance, resulting in Ohm's law where V=I*R, therefore the unit of electrical resistance is the ohm. -
He created the first electric motor and demonstrated a relationship between electricity, magnetism and movement, generating electrical energy through mechanical energy. -
His main invention was the electromagnetic circuit to transmit information called the telegraph, as he also invented an alphabet where he represented the letters and numbers with a series of dots and dashes called Morse code on which the telegraph was based to transmit messages. -
He developed different devices such as the kaleidophone and the stereoscope, as well as invented the first needle telegraph in addition to various contributions such as the measurement of electrical resistance with the bridge device called the Wheatstone bridge. -
He formulated the law of the opposition of induced currents called Lenz's law, which says that the direction of the currents or induced electromotive force is such that it always opposes the cause that produces it, that is, the variation of the flow. , also determined a relationship between the conductivity and the temperature of bodies that was later developed in depth, called Joule's law. -
He developed Joule's law that says that any conducting body covered by an electric current releases an amount of heat equivalent to the work done by the electric field, to transport the charges from one end of the conductor to the other: Q=0.24 R l2t , studied and experimentally demonstrated the mechanical equivalence of heat, also determined the numerical relationship between thermal and mechanical energies. -
He invented a vacuum pump, which allowed air to be extracted thanks to the vacuum that, generated by the descent of the mercury column, Geissler aroused curiosity about the propagation of electricity in a vacuum, thanks to this he built a glass tube in whose ends had placed metal electrodes. He observed a series of very colorful luminous phenomena. I call this a Geissler tube, and it was neon tubes. -
His studies revolved around electrical discharges in a vacuum tube, and discovering that cathode rays traveled in a straight line, casting shadows, heating objects located in their trajectory and deflected by magnetic fields, finally concluding that these were particles of negative electric charge. -
He invented the incandescent lamp, determining a metallic conductor that when heated would reach incandescence without melting, staying in this state for as long as possible, arriving after so many studies at a carbonized bamboo filament bulb, which exceeded 40 hours of continuous operation. Two years later, he built the first power plant in New York. -
He developed a practical system to generate and transmit alternating current, as well as the first three-phase induction motor, as well as high-frequency generators and the so-called Tesla coil developed in 1881, which is used in the field of radio communications. The magnetic induction unit, of the MKS system, receives this name in his honor (Tesla = Weber/m2). -
His studies were based on the mathematical justification of physical concepts described up to that moment in a qualitative way, such as the laws of electromagnetic induction and force fields, enunciated by Michael Faraday, thanks to this, he introduced the concept of electromagnetic wave, which allows an adequate mathematical description of the interaction between electricity and magnetism through its equations that describe and quantify the fields of force. -
His studies focused on the propagation of electromagnetic waves, on which radio and wireless telegraphy are based, which he discovered, as well as developing the electromagnetic theory of light, which was formulated by physicist James Clerk Maxwell. , which led to the discovery of the photoelectric effect, demonstrated that electricity can be transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves, which propagate at the speed of light, having many of their properties and frequency unit the hertz (Hz). -
He was the first person to transmit radio signals, and he determined that waves did not move on the ether as had been postulated up to now, he also worked on the theory of wireless telegraphy. -
It transmitted radio waves using a Hertz spark generator on top of a rod, reaching a transmission distance of 2.5 km, the device for the transmission of radio waves was composed of an emitter, the Hertz spark generator and a receiver, thanks to this he established Marconi's law as well as the development of a system of wireless telegraphy or radiotelegraphy. -
His research was based on electromagnetic waves using them to ring bells and explode a charge of gunpowder at a great distance, he transmitted wave signals at a distance of one mile, but for more non-commercial scientific purposes as Marconi did, along with this development a radio wave signal detector with semiconductor crystals. -
He discovered the electron, isotopes and invented the mass spectrometer. He determined the relationship between the charge and mass of cathode rays, by measuring how much they deviate over a magnetic field and the amount of energy they carry. He found that the charge/mass ratio was more than a thousand times that of the hydrogen ion, suggesting that the particles are either very light or highly charged. -
His studies were based on radioactive particles and he classified them into alpha (a) beta (b) and gamma (y). He determined that radioactivity was accompanied by a disintegration of the elements. Thanks to this, he created a new atomic model with which he proved the existence of the atomic nucleus in which all the positive charge and almost all the mass of the atom gather, explaining to this the flow of electricity. -
He created the germanium transistor, as well as patenting the modern solar cell. -
They create the first transistor, at the same time in the Bell Labs laboratories a transistor is also created. -
After the invention of transitions, thanks to these microchips appear. -
In an IBM research laboratory in Zurich with perovskite structures they discovered high-temperature superconductivity, the result being presented at a meeting of the American Physical Society in New York.