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Franklin suggested that students be taught that which is "likely to be most useful and most ornamental." He also proposed that school be taught in english, as opposed to latin.
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The Blue Backed Speller, created by Noah Webster, has sold over 100 million copies over the years. It has helped countless children learn how to read and spell. https://www.historyisfun.org/blog/all-about-the-revolution/the-blue-backed-speller/
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(1830-1865) During this period, schools started to look more like what they are today. State education systems began to take real form.
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This occurred as part of the Secondary School Movement. The first comprehensive high school was opened in Lowell, Massachusetts.
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Horace Mann was the first secretary of education, and visited over 1,000 schools on horseback to inspect their quality. He believed that merit should not be fixed from birth, but should be able to rise. He suggested standardized on everything from buildings to textbooks.
Mann said that "education is the equalizer of the condition of man." https://www.horacemann.com/ -
During this time, common schools were seen as avenues for upward social and economic mobility by the working class. They say common schools as a necessary protection against the tyranny of upper class and equal participation in democracy.
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Even with segregation, the US was reaching more children than any other country.
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Chaired by Charles Elliot, the committee recommended early introduction to basic subjects and uniform subject matter. They recommended classical, latin-scientific, modern language, and english.
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John Dewey is regarded as the Father of Progressive Education. He was an advocate for child-centered education.
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The Gary Plan was designed to keep students interested and in motion at all times. They used the split/shift system, which had students working, studying, or playing, so that all facilities were always in use.
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Spearheaded by Lewis M. Terman and Edward L. Thorndike, the movement included scales for measuring achievement in math, spelling, reading, language, and others.
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This landmark case ended segregation in public schools. It paved the way for many other major civil rights movements, including the freedom rides. This ruling was preluded by the abolition of segregation of Massachusetts schools in 1855. https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html
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This act makes education accessible to students who have any number of disabilities. It ensures students are provided with free appropriate public education. Instruction is tailored to individual needs. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/idea/edlite-slide001.html
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This report, written during President Regan's era, was a criticism of the current school system. Some viewed it as a call to action to fight the "rising tide of mediocracy."
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This act, created during George W. Bush's presidency, increased the federal government's role in holding schools accountable for student outcomes. Many people often refer to standardized testing when they think of the act. It also influenced the creation of the Common Core Standards. https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
