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Impact of Horace Mann
Horace Mann was called "The Father of American Education," and was a spokesperson for the Common School Movement. He believed that education was the right of every child, and fought for the professional training of teachers. -
Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th Century
Many people immigrated to urban areas in the United States. This cause schools to be over crowded. Many of the student spoke different languages and came from different cultures. -
The Common School Movement
MOST IMPORTANT
The Common School movement provided publicly supported schools that were attended by all children. The common schools were seen as providing the education necessary for equal participation in democracy. Most social groups saw the common schools as a means of controlling crime. Today all children are guarenteed the right to a free public education.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Common_School_Movement.aspx -
Secondary School Movement
In 1831, the first American comprehensive high school opened in Lowell, MA. The high school was not in public demand before the Civil War. After the Civil War there was a greater demand for secondary education. -
Impact of John Dewey
John Dewey was a spokesman for intellectual America in the Progressive Era. He believed that learning came through experience, not rote memorization. -
Progressive Reform Movement
The progressive movement focused on the whole child. Schools were in better repair, and provided basic health care and food services. There were better teacher to student ratios, and the curriculum was more activity based, -
The Committee of Ten
MOST IMPORTANT
The Committee of Ten was established in an effort to standardize curriculum. The committee recommended an early introduction to the basic subjects and uniform subject matter with few electives. The curriculum was dominated by college-prep courses. They believed vocational training should be saved for after high school. A standardized curriculum is something that we still have today, although it is changes with the times.
https://www3.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/neacom10.html -
Brown vs. The Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that segregation of schools end. All black students were allowed to attend the white schools in their neighborhoods. -
Sputnik and the National Defense Education Act
The launch of Sputnik caused another era of education reform in the U.S. The federal government became increasingly involved in education. Funding was directed towards math, sciences, and modern foreign languages. -
Civil Rights Movement and the War on Poverty
MOST IMPORTANT
The Civil Rights Act gave equal rights to all citizens. The War on Poverty expanded welfare services for those living in poverty. Because of the Civil Rights act all people, regardless of race or gender, are able to receive an education today.
https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/ -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
MOST IMPORTANT
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided more than $1 billion dollars in federal funds to education. Title I schools provided assistance for the education of children from low-income families. Today Title I schools and Head Start preschools are still providing assistance for low income families.
http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
MOST IMPORTANT
IDEA provided handicapped children with the best possible education. Special education teachers must be highly qualified. Reasonable accommodations are made for students to be able to succeed in school. Programs are also in place to help handicapped students transition into life after school.
http://www.apa.org/about/gr/issues/disability/idea.aspx -
A Nation at Risk Report
A Nation at Risk was responsible for the Education Reform Movement of the 1980's. The reform brought in high-stakes testing, longer school days, and more homework. -
The Standards Movement
National Standards were established to give a benchmark for students to reach. Teacher organization established content standards. Emphasis switched to educational outcomes and accountability. -
No Child Left Behind
States have faced many challenges in meeting the mandates of NCLB. Standardized tests had to be developed. Schools had to achieve certain scores to be able to continue to receive government funding.
