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In order to restore the center of power to the Spanish in their home country rather than in America, many Jesuits were expelled
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The first mission is established in San Diego, beginning the rise of Catholicism throughout the state of California
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About one-third of the Tonga tribe contracts the disease after many of their members were raped by Mission San Gabriel soldiers
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Led by Shaman Toypurina, Indians revolt against the mission due to their constant abuse and mistreatment
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Due to never experiencing the disease, many Indian tribes were wiped out, as their immune systems had no way of combating the disease.
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Created a constitution al monarchy that said that sovereignty belongs to the people
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After a Spanish soldier beats a Chumash tribesman, word spreads and the Chumash at multiple missions burned buildings, fought Spanish soldiers, and seized control.
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Stated that all neophyte families were to receive missions land. After al the land was redistributed, the remaining land was given to American colonists. This Act resulted in a boom for the hide and tallow industry
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Stated that Americans can squat on "unused land" and claim 160 acres for themselves, regardless of who owned the land, if it was not properly surveyed.
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After years of revolts and coups, war finally is declared between California and Mexico
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Put an end to the California Mexico War
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Starts the Gold Rush
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Governor Burnett sanctions $1.1 million to American who join militias and hunt Indians
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Created land commissions to review grant claims. It also required Californios to file their claims within two years, or else they would lose their land
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Paved the way for the construction of infrastructure
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Promoted the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad
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Allowed for better transportation between the country and simplifying migration
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Whites enter Chinatown and kill 25 to 30 innocent Chinese. Meant as a scare tactic, and resulted in many Chinese fleeing California
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Allowed for better transportation throughout the city, and making it easier for people to commute from the suburbs to their jobs.
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Rewrote the state constitution and stripped Chinese of the right to become American citizens
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Railroad workers and policemen kill 7 people at a picnic they believed were squatters
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High pressure water is used to mine for gold. The process was easier and faster than panning.
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Meant to deter Chinese immigration, it banned Chinese workers from immigrating and also stopped Chinese immigrants in the US from being able to become citizens
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Aimed at: fighting corruption, giving voters more power, giving workers protection, and giving women more rights
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Public trials of San Francisco city officials as well as the Spring Valley Water Co, who installed clay pipes instead of iron. This resulted in the pipes bursting during the 1906 Earthquake and there being lack of water to put out fires.
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Established to ensure that the government was for the people and not businesses.
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Enforces the Progressive Movement in California
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Prevented aliens ineligible for citizenship, who were primarily Japanese, from obtaining land. Loopholes would be created such as the children of the immigrants buying the land or creating corporations.
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Helped immigrants adjust to American life. Teachers would visit immigrant homes and teach them how to adopt an American lifestyle
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Children under the age of 14 were ineligible to work. The only exception was in agriculture.
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Prohibition. The amendment made the selling of alcohol illegal
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Set quotas on how many people from each country could migrate to the US and excluded all Asian countries from being able to immigrate
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Stock market crash caused a 10 year period of financial volatility and economic decline
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Over-tilled land combined with long drought and high temperatures caused topsoil to turn to dust and spread throughout the south in states like Oklahoma and Texas. Many residents fled out west to California.
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John Steinbeck publishes the novel that, while fictional, detailed the experiences that many families faced while leaving their homes to go out west during the dust bowl
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The beginning of World War II caused many labor shortages, as many men were enlisting to fight for their country.
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Signed to stop discrimination of black people from obtaining jobs. It also created the Fair Employment Practices Committee as an overseer that the Order is followed.
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Japanese launch a surprise aerial attach on Pearl Harbor, leading to the US joining World War 2. This also caused many Hawaiians to immigrate to California in order to seek jobs.
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Signed after the attacks at Pearl harbor. It allowed the military to remove anyone they deemed a threat from certain areas. This led to the incarceration of over 120,000 Japanese people and placed them in internment camps
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California brings over Mexicans to work in agriculture while men are off during World War II
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Young Mexican Americans in Los Angeles wearing zoot suits were attacked by sailors, resulting in multiple injuries. This brought forth tension because the police would usually arrest the ones being attacked, rather than the sailors
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The act was repealed in an effort to mitigate Chinese discrimination
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Fred Korematsu refused to go to Japanese internment camp and was arrested. The Supreme Court ruled that internment was legal during wartime as it provided national security.
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Gonzalo Mendez sues the Westminster school district due to racism and discrimination against Mexican American students. The Court rules in his favor and schools in California are desegregated. This case was crucial to the victory in Brown vs Board of Education
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$1.75 billion bond measure that was used to construct dams and pipelines. This allowed for water to be redistributed to all of California
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Prohibited employers and labor unions from discriminating against workers
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Prohibited discrimination by businesses, allowing those discriminated against to sue for damages in state courts.
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$10.5 billion measure to build freeways for transportation. Freeways built included the 405, 5, 10, 210, and 605.
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This showed an emphasis on education in California
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Created the Master Plan for higher Education, which led to the inception of a three-tiered system of higher education (California Community Colleges, UC, and CSU systems)
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Prohibited discrimination in public housing and apartment buildings with more than five units
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African Americans protested against racial discrimination and social injustices. Over 14,000 National Guard troops had to be sent to stop the riots
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Removed racial quotas and allowed more people to immigrate if they had family ties
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Led by Cesar Chavez, farmworkers marched 250 miles from Delano to Sacramento to demand better pay and work conditions
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Transit system opened to stop traffic in the bay area and help people commute from the suburbs to the city
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Made it possible for local and state officials to investigate immigration status of people receiving public aid.