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The first firearm is created by China in the 13th century, following the creation of blackpowder in the 9th century. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The Germans invented rifling, groooves inside the barrel of a gun which put spin on the roundball and made it more accurate. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The first Kentucky Longrifle was built and used, this would become the first commonly used rifle in hunting and warfare. Especially the American Revoulution. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The percussion cap was invented, which did away with the flintlock ending its 200 year reign. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The first metal rim-fire cartridge is invented. It would change later change from breech loading guns, to guns that held multiple rounds.
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The Spencer Rifle would be the first magazine fed lever action rifle, that would be used during the Civil War. This would lead to more modern weapon systems. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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In WWI the main weapon was the bolt-action rifle. Though it was created in the early 1800's, WWI was the first war where it was standered issue. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The M1 Garand would become the first ever semi-automatic rifle to be used in warfare, and became standered issue for the US military in WWII. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The M16 was the first modern assault rifle, granted it was made in 1959 newer models are still used today. https://www.wikipedia.org/
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The Barret M82 is the most deadliest rifles that was ever created. It can shoot through a tank and is the most powerful rifle in our military. https://www.wikipedia.org/