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Vietnam was under French Colonial rule until World War II, which set the stage for nationalist movements.
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During World War II, Japan occupied Vietnam, weakening French control and fostering Vietnamese nationalism.
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After World War II, the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh, emerged as a significant nationalist group fighting for independence from France.
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The Viet Minh fought against French colonial forces, leading to the Geneva Accords, which temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
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The Geneva Accords ended French colonial rule but also divided Vietnam into North (Communist) and South (anti-communist) regions, setting the stage for conflict.
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The United States supported the establishment of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) under President Ngo Dinh Diem, aiming to prevent the spread of communism.
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Diem's government faced opposition due to its repressive policies, leading to increased support for the communist Viet Cong in the South.
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The United States began sending military advisors to assist the South Vietnamese army in fighting the Viet Cong, marking the beginning of direct American involvement.
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Alleged attacks on U.S. ships by North Vietnamese forces led Congress to pass the Gulf of Tokin Resolution, allowing for increased military action.
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Following the resolution, President Lyndon B. Johnson escalated U.S. military involvement, ultimately sending combat troops to Vietnam in 1965.