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July 4th, 1776
The day we claimed America and fought for our freedom from Britain -
Davis v. Beason 1889-1890
Made polygamy a felony. Over 1,300 Mormons got imprisoned for disobeying/breaking the law. There was an act passed and it restricted Mormon's rights and tried to take away their governmental political powers.
The Supreme Court: ruled that they didn't need to get arrested for it but, they should obey the law if they kept doing it they would be punished.(Imprisonment) -
Adair v. United States,1908
A law passed and made it illegal for employers to fire employees who joined a labor union. The law made the yellow dog illegal.William Adair a representative of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co. And he fired one of the locomotive fireman because he joined a labor union. It violated the 1st and 5th amendment.
Supreme Court reviewed and said it did violate liberties of both employees and employers. As a result they had to sell and purchase through labor.
Oct.29th-30th,1907-Jan.27th,1908 -
Evans v. Selma Union High School District of Fresno County
California State Supreme Court wanted to exclude religious collections/items.
The Court ruled: with purchase of religious books it does not have/carry any adoption of theory- The Court didn't think the bible should be placed in a library but, they thought a church should hold the books. -
Near v. Minnesota
The Supreme Court interpreted the 1st and 14th amendments to band previous restraints upon a publication of a newspaper. The Court considered it was a slight misunderstanding of constitutional guarantees a Minnesota statue which allowed governmental officials and private citizens to maintain a lawsuit.
ISSUES: of a malicious,scandalous, and defamatory newspaper. -
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire 1942
Chaplinsky a Jehovah's witness, called a city marshal a "God-damned racketeer." and a "damned fascist" in a public place. He was arrested and charged with violating a state peace law.
Supreme Court: ruled the first amendment was not violated it was just fighting words that chaplinsky used to inflict injury towards another person. -
Dennis v. United States 1951
11 Communist party leaders were convicted of trying to overthrow the United States government for the violation of the smith act. The party petitioned for socialist reforms and they violated the 1st amendment.
Supreme Court: ruled Dennis did not have the right underneath the 1st amendment of the constitution to exercise any right because he was involved in a plot to overthrow the U.S. government. -
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District 1969
Students wore black armbands to protest against the Vietnam war. They were suspended from school but, the students refused to leave their spots. They sued the District for violating their 1st amendment rights.
Supreme Court: Created free expression which meant that the school can only be restricted to violate if there were threats made.
Argued:1968 -
Mcdaniel v. Paty 1978
Baptist minister from Chattanooga,TN. He was a delegate to the Tennessee State Constitutional Convention. He forbade ordained ministers from elected office.
Supreme Court: ruled the 1st and the 14th were violated. -
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier,1988
Hazelwood removed two articles talking about two different things teen pregnancy and divorce. Cathy Kuhlmeier and two other student sued the school and said the school violated their 1st amendment rights.
The Supreme Court reviewed the case and said the school did not violate any rights and they censored the school's sponsored publications from those articles.
Happened from Oct.13th,1987- Jan.13th,1988 -
Rosenberger v. University of Virginia 1995
Students wanted to do a fundraiser for their religious organization.
U of V claimed they wanted to deny the students for putting money in a religious fund.
Supreme Court: ruled since U of V already funded students they should allow students to fund their own religious functions. -
Zelman v. Simmons- Harris 2002
An Ohio School Program used it's own school vouchers and took money out of the school's account.
Supreme Court: ruled that the program did not violate the establishment clause of the 1st amendment even if the vouchers were used in private.
