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The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government in 1917 during the First World War announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small minority Jewish population.
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Post WW1 Peace Conference. Ho Chi Minh asks Pres. Wilson to support Vietnamese independence; Wilson is extremely racist and only supports self-determination for white nations, like the Austro-Hungarian Empire
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The Amritsar massacre fundamentally changed how the Indians saw the Raj (the era of British rule, which ran from 1757 to 1947). It led Mahatma Gandhi, who during the first world war had forsaken his pacifism to help recruit soldiers to preserve the empire, to see British rule as evil.
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In Hong Kong.
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On September 18, 1931, an explosion destroyed a section of railway track near the city of Mukden. The Japanese, who owned the railway, blamed Chinese nationalists for the incident and used the opportunity to retaliate and invade Manchuria.
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After the Marco Polo Bridge incident in 1937, Japan would launch a full-scale invasion of China, triggering what would become the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), and the Pacific theatre of WWII in 1941
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The Sudetenland was a part of Czechoslovakia which was created at the end of World War I.
It was filled with German-speaking peoples that outnumbered even the Slovaks
Hitler presented the image that he was the protector of the Sudeten Germans and threatened war to acquire the Sudetenland.
The Munich Agreement is an example of appeasement. -
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The Warsaw Pact was a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania (Albania withdrew in 1968). NATO and the Warsaw Pact were ideologically opposed and, over time, built up their own defences starting an arms race that lasted throughout the Cold War.
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The Prague Spring had proved that the Soviet Union was not willing to even contemplate any member of the Warsaw Pact leaving it. The tanks that rolled through the streets of Prague reaffirmed to the West that the people of Eastern Europe were oppressed and denied the democracy that existed in Western Europe.
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Lech Walesa; Solidarity is officially formed
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In 1980, the United States led a boycott of the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow to protest the late 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In total, 65 nations refused to participate in the games, whereas 80 countries sent athletes to compete.
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Nikita Khrushchev (March 1953-October 1964)
Leonid I. Brezhnev (October 1964-November 1982).
Yuri Andropov (November 1982-February 1984).
Konstantin Chernenko (February 1984-March 1985). -
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Gorbachev began his policy of openness, or glasnost, by announcing in mid May 1986 that full de- tails of both the cause of the Chernobyl accident and its consequences would be made available to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and to the world. For the Soviet Union, Chernobyl was a catalyst that forced the government into an unprecedented show of openness that paved the way for reforms leading to the Soviet collapse.
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Larger Historical Context: The Tiananmen Square protests were a part of a wave of protests late in the Cold War as people seeked more open governments. Unlike in Europe however, these protests were not successful. China will continue to grow economically and will overtake Japan.
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Poland holds its first free elections; Solidarity candidates overwhelmingly win.
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