-
Constitutional Convention
address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain - FEDERAL -
Institution of the Federal Income Tax
a tax on money people earn (income), which is paid to the national government - FEDERAL -
10th Amendment
The Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or the people - FEDERAL -
Elastic Cause
a statement in the U.S. constitution granting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers - FEDERAL -
McCulloch v.. Maryland
Congress charactered the second bank of America - Maryland passed legislation to impose taxes on bank - STATE -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
It held that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the territories, and that people of African descent (both slave and free) were not protected by the Constitution and were not U.S. citizens - STATE -
Civil War
was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the United States (the "Union" or the "North") and several Southern slave states that had declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America. It had its origin in the fractious issue of slavery. The Confederacy was defeated, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring unity and guaranteeing right to the freed slaves - FEDERAL -
14th Amendment
Gave blacks the right of citizenship in America - FEDERAL -
The Constitution of California
document that establishes and describes the duties, powers, structure and function of the government of the U.S. state of California - FEDERAL -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
It prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation - FEDERAL -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." - FEDERAL -
Pure Food & Drug Act
The first federal law regulating foods and drugs - FEDERAL -
Hoke v. United States
a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which held that the United States Congress could not regulate prostitution, as that was strictly the province of the states - STATE -
16th Amendment
allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results - FEDERAL -
New Deal
They involved presidential executive orders or laws passed by Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt - FEDERAL -
Korematsu v. United States
Landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of citizenship - -
Brown v. Board of Education
case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional - FEDERAL -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women - FEDERAL -
Law Enforcement Assistance Act
It administered federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies, and funded educational programs, research, state planning agencies, and local crime initiatives - STATE -
Supremacy Clause
t assures that the Constitution and federal laws and treaties take precedence over state law and binds all judges to adhere to that principle in their courts - FEDERAL -
Roe v. Wade
Court case that made abortion legal due to the 14th amendment - FEDERAL -
Articles of Confederation
an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution - FEDERAL -
State & Local Fiscal Assistance Act
A bill to authorize an extension and amendment of the revenue sharing program to provide general purpose fiscal assistance - STATE -
Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that upheld a state law as constitutional that excluded aliens from positions as probation officers - FEDERAL -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability - FEDERAL -
United States v. Lopez
Congress had broad authority under the commerce clause - but no so far as to regulate the carrying of handguns - FEDERAL -
Printz v. United States
While congress may reuire the federal government to regulate commerce directly preforming background checks on applicants for handgun ownership, ndp clause does not empower it to compel state cleo's to fufill its federal tasks for it - STATE -
9/11
were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the Islamist terrorist group al-Qaeda upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. areas on September 11, 2001. - FEDERAL -
No Child Left Behind
United States Act of Congress that is a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which included Title I, the government's flagship aid program for disadvantaged students - STATE -
"Do Not Call" Law
intended to give U.S. consumers an opportunity to limit the telemarketing calls they receive - FEDERAL -
Period: to
D