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Factual Event: Joyce
James Joyce:
He enrolled at the recently established University College Dublin (UCD) in 1898, studying English, French, and Italian. He also became active in theatrical and literary circles in the city. -
Factual Event: Joyce
James Joyce:
In 1900 his laudatory review of Henrik Ibsen's "When We Dead Awaken" was published in Fortnightly Review; it was his first publication and, after learning basic Norwegian in order to send a fan letter to Ibsen, he received a letter of thanks from the dramatist. Joyce wrote a number of other articles and at least two plays (since lost) during this period. -
Factual Event: Pound
Pound graduated with a bachelor in philosophy in 1905, then studied romance languages under Hugo A. Rennert at the University of Pennsylvania, obtaining his M.A. in the spring. -
Factual Event: Pound
In the fall he took a job as a teacher of Romance languages at Wabash College in Crawfordsville, Indiana, a town that he referred to as the the sixth circle of hell. -
Works Published: Pound
Personae is published by Ezra Pound. -
Works Published: Pound
The Spirit of Romance is published by Ezra Pound. -
Factual Event: Eliot
T.S. Eliot:
After working as a philosophy assistant at Harvard from 1909 to 1910, Eliot moved to Paris, where from 1910 to 1911, he studied philosophy at the Sorbonne. -
Works Published: Pound
Ripostes is published by Ezra Pound. -
Factual Event: Pound
Pound understood that to change the structure of your language is to change the way you think and see the world. While living at Church Walk, Pound, Aldington, and Doolittle started working on ideas about language that became the Imagism movement. The aim was clarity: a fight against abstraction, romanticism, rhetoric, inversion of word order, and over-use of adjectives. -
Factual Event: Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway:
From 1913 until 1917, Hemingway attended Oak Park and River Forest High School where he took part in a number of sports, namely boxing, track and field, water polo and football. He excelled in English classes, and performed in the school orchestra with his sister Marcelline for two years. In his junior year, he took a journalism class. The better writers in the class, including Hemingway, submitted pieces to the The Trapeze, the school newspaper. -
Factual Event: Eliot
T.S. Eliot:
Eliot was awarded a scholarship to Merton College, Oxford in 1914. He first visited Marburg, Germany, where he planned to take a summer program, but when the First World War broke out, he went to Oxford instead. -
Factual Event: Joyce
James Joyce:
As he was completing work on Dubliners in 1906, Joyce considered adding another story featuring a Jewish advertising canvasser called Leopold Bloom under the title Ulysses. Although he did not pursue the idea further at the time, he eventually commenced work on a novel using both the title and basic premise in 1914. Ulysses has been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire Modernist movement". -
Factual Event: Modernism
Thus modernism, which had been a minority taste before the war, came to define the 1920s. It appeared in Europe in such critical movements as Dada and then in constructive movements such as surrealism, as well as in smaller movements such as the Bloomsbury Group, which included British novelists Virginia Woolf and E. M. Forster. -
Factual Event: Eliot
T.S. Eliot:
In 1925, Eliot left Lloyds to join the publishing firm Faber and Gwyer, later Faber and Faber, where he remained for the rest of his career, eventually becoming a director. At Faber and Faber, he was responsible for publishing important English poets like W.H. Auden, Stephen Spender, and Ted Hughes. -
Factual Event: Modernism
By 1930, Modernism had entered popular culture. With the increasing urbanization of populations, it was beginning to be looked to as the source for ideas to deal with the challenges of the day. As modernism was studied in universities, it was developing a self-conscious theory of its own importance. -
Factual Event: Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway:
Hemingway & Mary traveled to Europe. While there, Hemingway fell in love with Adriana Ivancich. The love affair inspired the novel "Across the River & Into the Trees", written in Cuba during a time of strife with Mary, & published in 1950 to negative reviews. The following year, he wrote the draft of "The Old Man and the Sea" in eight weeks, saying "the best I can write ever for all of my life." This made him an international celebrity & won the Pulitzer Prize in 1952. -
Factual Event: Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway:
In 1954 Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature. He modestly told the press that Carl Sandburg, Isak Dinesen and Bernard Berenson deserved the prize, but the prize money would be welcome. Mellow claims Hemingway "had coveted the Nobel Prize," but when he won it, months after his plane accidents and the ensuing world-wide press coverage, "there must have been a lingering suspicion in Hemingway's mind that his obituary notices had played a part in the academy's decision. -
Factual Event: Modernism
After WW II (mainly the visual and performing arts)...
Minimalism emerged as an abstract movement in art (with roots in geometric abstraction of Kazimir Malevich, the Bauhaus and Piet Mondrian) that rejected the idea of relational and subjective painting, the complexity of abstract expressionist surfaces, and the emotional zeitgeist and polemics present in the arena of action painting. Minimalism argued that extreme simplicity could capture all of the sublime representation needed in art.