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The Colonial Period 1607-1775
13 Colonies had established different beliefs of education
Religion was an integral part of education down to the curriculum that was taught
Schools Reflected the settlers' values and beliefs
Education was reserved for wealthy white males and ignored females, people of color, and those less wealthy
Colonial Schools were taught by men who were waiting to become ministers or lawyers
Shaped our schools today by inequality, the foundation of public support of education, and religion and schools -
The Evolution of the American High School 1635-1918
1635-Boston Latin Grammar School-Prepared white males for ministry and law
1751-Franklin's Academy-Eliminated religion and focused on math, science, and navigation
1821-English Classical School-Focused on needs of boys not attending college
1892-Committee of Ten-Created standards and methods of high school
1918-Commission on Reorganization of Secondary Education-Cardinal Principles of Education, including applied goals in health and civic education -
The Early National Period 1775-1820
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment- separation of church and state
Established a major educational role for the states from the Constitution (Tenth Amendment)
Took the Federal Government out of control -
The Common School Movement: The Rise of State Support for Public Education 1820-1865
The trend that education was NOT just for the rich white males but it was for the "Age of the Common Man"
The population increased due to westward expansion so the country turned to schools to educate the illiterate
States and Government started to tax citizens to support public schools
States created state education departments
Schools were organized by grade level
Standardize curriculum was established
States improved teacher preparation -
Education of African Americans: Up from Slavery to...1830-1963
1830- The Virginia General Assembly forbids the teaching of African Americans-slave or free- to read or write
1861-1865-Civil War-Freed Slavery but separate but equal was established
1870- Virginia Law declares that "white and colored persons shall not be taught in the same school but in separate school"
Booker T Washington has his students build Tuskegee Institution (School for African Americans)
W.E.B Dubois Advocated social activism and was the leader of NAACP -
Education of Hispanic Americans
Hispanic is a label of a group of people who speak Spanish
Largest and fastest-growing minority school in the U.S.
Began with Catholic Mission schools in the Southwest but shifted to public schools after the Mexican-American War 1848
Classes were taught in English and Spanish was forbidden
Higher Drop out rates -
Education of Asian Americans 1882
Came to US to work in California Gold Mines
War World II had a big impact on the Asian Americans discrimination
1906 San Francisco established segregated schools for Asian Americans
Asian Americans fare better in schools than any other minority group
"The model minority group"
Chinese and Korean students enroll in colleges at faster rates -
The Modern Era: Schools as Instruments for National Purpose and Social Change
The Cold War- USSR significantly influenced education in the US
NDEA in 1958 was designed to enhance the security of the nation with teacher training, new equipment, and centers for research for new teaching methods -
The Civil Rights Movement on Education
Thurgood Marshall was the first African American on the NAACP to arguing against separate but equal for segregated schools
Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka 1954- ruled that racial segregation was unconstitutional
Some schools refused to follow the ruling
Civil Rights Act 1964- prohibited discrimination against students on the basis of race, color, or national origin -
The War on Poverty
Federal Government involvement in education increased
Compensatory education programs to create equal educational opportunities for disadvantaged youth
Title I schools got more federal funding
Head Start was created for 3-5 year old
Poverty still exists in today's society -
Equity for Women
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972- no basis of sex should be excluded from participation
Girls could participate in athletics
Women are paid lower than males
Women flocked into teaching because it was accessible to them
Still, to this day, there is controversy on the rights of women