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Period: 1483 to 1546
Martin Luther
Martin Luther emphasized the necessity of establishing schools to teach children to read. He replaced authority of the Catholic Church with the Bible & even translated the Bible into German which marked the beginning of teaching & learning in their native language. -
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John Amos Comenius
Spent his life teaching school & writing textbooks, one of which was the 1st picture book for children. He believed that early education should begin in early years because young minds can be taught & manipulated vs when it's already developed. He also believed everything should be taught through senses, which was later endorsed by Montessori. -
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Influenced by Comenius & Rousseau, she too believed education is based on sensory & through sensory experiences. She believed through that, children could develop into their natural potential. She developed "object lessons" and manipulatives such as counting, measuring, feeling, and touching. She also wrote 2 books to help parents teach their children. -
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Maria Montessori & the Montessori Method
She was the 1st woman in Italy to earn a medical degree in Italy, which sparked her interest in educational solutions for issues like deafness, mental retardation, & paralysis. Ultimately she established a system for educating young children which she was able to perfect while teaching in Rome. Her method is currently used in over 4,000 programs. -
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Brown vs Board of Education
Unanimous decision in Topeka, Kansas courthouse ended racial segregation for schools. This decision overturned provisions of the 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson decision. This ruling ultimately sparked the American civil rights movement. -
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The Economic Opportunity Act
The EOA started many programs to promote health, education, and welfare of people with low socioeconomic status, which was designed to put them to work. EOA started headstart in 1965, which is one of the longest running programs to address systemic poverty in the U.S. This was part of President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty. -
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Elementary & Secondary Education Act
ESEA, known as Title 1, serves to fund primary & secondary education from low income families. Funds support extra instruction time for reading & math, as well as preschool, after-school, and summer school programs, which all are attended to build on the school's existing curriculum. Eligibility is based on children receiving free or reduced priced lunch. -
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No Child Left Behind
NCLB emphasizes accountability through testing. All 50 states have standards on what children should know or do, and NCLB allows for federal funding for schools who meet those test scores & meet adequate yearly standards. -
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IDEA provides inclusion, making the classroom environments & curriculum accessible to all children. IDEA was the foundation for blending early childhood education with early childhood special education. Because of this, every early childhood teacher, is a special education teacher.