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Education became required in all New England colonies.
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Students with special needs were considered "insane" or "idiots" and sent to institutions or schools for the deaf or blind.
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Free education developed by Horace Mann and Thomas Jefferson said education system is based on public support.
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This is when the need for Special Education was discovered. The French were the first to educate those with disabilities.
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Children from the ages of 8 - 14 were required to attend school 12 weeks a year.
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10 educators were in a curriculum development committee chaired by Charles Elliot. This committee recommended 8 years of elementary and 4 years of secondary education.
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The first special education class, specifically for "mental defectives" was established in Providence, Rhode Island.
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Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education are: Health, Command of Fundamental Processes, Worthy Home Membership, Vocation, Civic Education, Worthy Use of Leisure, and Ethical Character. Schools experimented with a lot of curriculum exploration.
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By 1922 at least 133 school systems were providing special education classes for over 23,000 students.
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Ralph Tyler submitted that four fundamental questions must be answered in developing any curriculum and plan of instruction. The four questions are:1. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?2. What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes?3. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?4. How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained?
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The 6 levels within the cognitive domain were identified. These are still used today.
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Developed by President Kennedy
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Curriculum Mapping was developed by Fenwich English in the 1970s and 80s. This method is still used today.
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beginning stages of IDEA
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Howard Gardner developed the Theory of the Multiple Intelligences.
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The importance of Differentiated Instruction was discovered by Carol Ann Tomlinson.
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The legislation calls for extensive implementation of state educational standards addressing national criteria tied to federal funding.
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H. Lynn Erickson developed the idea for Concept-Based Curriculum and Instruction.