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Developed Socratic method, that involved critical thinking and questioning and laid foundation for vocational education.
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Advocated for education to prepare citizens for active civic engagement. This laid the groundwork for public education and the inclusion of subjects like agriculture.
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Mann promoted universal education that included a practical, vocational component to prepare students for economic self-sufficiency. Mann is also known as the "Father of Common School"
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Advocate for free public education in California, Swett emphasized the need for practical skills in education to serve the state's growing industries.
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A chemist who founded the Home Economics movement, promoting the study of practical life skills such as cooking and household management.
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Promoted vocational education for African Americans, focusing on practical skills like agriculture and mechanics through the Tuskegee Institute.
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Early leader in home economics education, Norton helped shape vocational programs focused on domestic science, expanding career paths for women.
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Established land-grant colleges, offering education in agriculture and mechanics, making vocational training accessible in higher education.
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Developed the "home project method" in agricultural education, blending hands-on experience with formal instruction.
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Advocated for social efficiency in education, emphasizing that schooling should be designed to prepare students for specific vocational roles in society.
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Extended the benefits of the Morrill Act to African American institutions, promoting career and technical education at historically Black colleges and universities.
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Established cooperative extension services tied to land-grant universities, providing practical agricultural education to rural populations.
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Increased the need for technical skills, which led to the expansion of vocational education to meet military and industrial demands.
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First federal law to fund vocational education, creating programs in agriculture, home economics, and industrial education in secondary schools.
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Increased federal funding for vocational education, allowing more schools to offer programs and expanding the scope of career and technical education.
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Provided further funding for vocational education, expanding federal involvement and oversight of vocational training programs.
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Similar to Wrold War I, World War II created an increased demand for technical skills in manufacturing and defense, leading to the rapid expansion of vocational education programs.
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Expanded funding for vocational education to include training in distributive occupations, home economics, and industrial arts.
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Advocated for equal access to vocational education for minority and underprivileged groups, challenging segregation and inequality in education.
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The Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik sparked major reforms in U.S. education, emphasizing science and technology.
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Established programs to retrain workers displaced by automation and technological advances, marking a shift toward further technical education.
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Expanded vocational programs to more students, including those in special populations such as disabled and disadvantaged students.
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Prohibited gender discrimination in federally funded educational programs, opening new career and technical education opportunities for women.
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Provided funding for job training programs aimed at addressing unemployment and promoting skills development in public service.
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Reported a decline in American educational standards, leading to reforms that included renewed focus on vocational education to meet workforce demands.
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Provided federal funding for vocational education programs, emphasizing access for disadvantaged students and strengthening secondary and postsecondary CTE programs.
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Reauthorized the Perkins Act, focusing on integrating academic and vocational education to prepare students for a rapidly changing economy.
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Established a national framework to create pathways from school to careers, fostering partnerships between schools and businesses.
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Emphasized accountability and results in CTE programs, improving connections between education and careers.
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Introduced standards and accountability to K-12 education, indirectly affecting CTE by shifting focus toward standardized testing.
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Provided more flexibility to states in how they used federal funds to support career and technical education, emphasizing alignment with workforce needs.
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Reauthorized and modernized the Perkins Act, focusing on industry partnerships, career pathways, and the use of data to improve outcomes in CTE programs.